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PSYC 105 - Introductory Psychology II > Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping, and Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping, and Health Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively

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2
Q

Traumatic Event

A

a stressor that is so severe it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences

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3
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

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4
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal

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5
Q

Problem-Focused Coping

A

coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head on

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6
Q

Emotion-Focused Coping

A

coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions

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7
Q

Stress as a Transaction

A

how people interpret and cope with stressful events

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8
Q

Stress as a Response

A

psychological and physical reactions to stressful circumstances

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9
Q

Corticosteroid

A

stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances

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10
Q

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

A

a questionnaire based on 43 life events ranked in terms of stressfulness rated by participants

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11
Q

The SRRS doesn’t consider…

A

-how people interpret events
-coping behaviours and resources
-chronic stressors

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12
Q

Hassles

A

minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope

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13
Q

Hassles Scale

A

measures how stressful events affect our adjustments

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14
Q

Hassles are better predictors of health, depression, and anxiety than major ____ ______

A

life events

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15
Q

What did Hans Selye study?

A

How the stress response (stomach ulcers, adrenal gland size) showed a pattern in stressful environments

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16
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of 3 stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

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17
Q

GAS: The Alarm Reaction

A

-excitation of the ANS
-adrenaline release
-physical anxiety symptoms

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18
Q

The “seat of anxiety” is the limbic system (emotional brain) which includes the ______, _______, and _________

A

amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus

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19
Q

Physical Anxiety Symptoms

A

-cold, clammy hands
-dry mouth
-pounding heart
-rapid and shallow breathing
-lightheaded and dizzy

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20
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional response centre - stores emotional memories

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21
Q

Fight or Flight Response

A

physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or flee a threatening situation

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22
Q

Which parts of the brain control the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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23
Q

GAS: Resistance

A

adapting to the stressor and finding a way to cope with it

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24
Q

Which parts of the brain are involved in the resistance phase?

A

cerebral cortex and basal ganglia

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25
GAS: Exhaustion
when we lack good coping measures and our body begins to face damage to organ systems, depression and anxiety, and our immune system
26
Eustress
good stress
27
Distress
bad stress
28
Tend and Befriend
reaction that mobilizes people (usually females) to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress
29
Which hormone promotes the tend and befriend response?
oxytocin
30
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
condition that sometimes follows extremely stressful life events
31
PTSD symptoms
-vivid memories, feelings, images from the event (flashbacks) -feeling detached from others -difficulty sleeping -startling easily
32
Social Support
relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources
33
People with less ______ support have higher mortality rates
social
34
Behavioural Control
the ability to step up and do something to reduce impact of a stressful situation or prevent its recurrence
35
Avoidance-Oriented Coping
avoiding action to solve our problems, or giving up hope
36
Cognitive Control
the ability to cognitively restructure or think differently about negative emotions that arise in response to stress provoking events
37
Behavioural control involves _____-focused coping
problem
38
Cognitive control involves ______-focused coping
emotion
39
Decisional Control
the ability to choose among alternative course of action
40
Informational Control
the ability to acquire information about a stressful event
41
Proactive Coping
anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping
42
Emotional Control
the ability to suppress and express emotions
43
Catharsis
disclosing painful feelings
44
Hardiness
set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances
45
Spirituality
search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in god
46
Ruminating
focusing on how bad we feel and endlessly analyzing the causes and consequences of our problems
47
Immune System
our body's defence system against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms
48
Psychoneuroimmunology
study of the relationship between the immune system and CNS
49
Are peptic ulcers caused by stress?
no it is usually Helicobacter pylori but a reduced immune system may increase susceptibility
50
Psychophysiological
illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition
51
Biopsychosocial Perspective
the view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors
52
Type A Personality
people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious and maybe at high risk for CHD
53
Coronary Heart Disease
damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries
54
Hostility, a type A trait is the most predictive of _____ disease
heart
55
Healthy Psychology
field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine
56
Healthy Behaviour #1: Stop ____
smoking
57
Healthy Behaviour #2: Curb ______ consumption
alcohol which contributes to cancer, liver disease, pregnancy complication, brain shrinkage
58
Low to moderate drinking decreases risk of _______ disease and ________
heart disease and stroke
59
Healthy Behaviour #3: Achieve a healthy ______
weight
60
BMI
(weight (lbs)/(height (in))²) x 703
61
Obese people have a heightened risk for...
heart disease, stroke, high BP, arthritis, cancer, respiratory problems, diabetes
62
Healthy Behaviour #4: _______
exercise; lower BP and risk for CHD, improve lung function, relieve arthritis, decrease diabetes risk, reduce risk for cancer
63
Alternative Medicine
health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine
64
Complementary Medicine
health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine
65
Biofeedback
feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function such as HR or skin temp
66
Meditation
a variety of practices that train attention and awareness
67
Concentrative Meditation
goal is to focus attention on a single thing
68
Awareness Meditation
attention flows freely and examines whatever comes to mind
69
Yoga is helpful in reducing...
anxiety and depression, headaches, pain
70
Acupuncture
ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces in the body
71
Homeopathic Medicine
remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body's own natural defences
72
Match the supposed beliefs that: A) Alleviate depression symptoms B) Cures some cancers C) Relieve mild arthritis pain D) Improve sexual performance, energy, digestion, weight-loss E) Slows cognitive decline, Alzheimer's, heart attack and stroke risk 1) Acai Berries 2) Glucosamine and Chrondroitin 3) Shark Cartilage 4) St. Johns Wort Herb 5) Ginkgo Biloba Leaves
A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1 E) 5

PSYC 105 - Introductory Psychology II (8 decks)

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