Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping, and Health Flashcards
Stress
the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively
Traumatic Event
a stressor that is so severe it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences
Primary Appraisal
initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful
Secondary Appraisal
perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal
Problem-Focused Coping
coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head on
Emotion-Focused Coping
coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions
Stress as a Transaction
how people interpret and cope with stressful events
Stress as a Response
psychological and physical reactions to stressful circumstances
Corticosteroid
stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
a questionnaire based on 43 life events ranked in terms of stressfulness rated by participants
The SRRS doesn’t consider…
-how people interpret events
-coping behaviours and resources
-chronic stressors
Hassles
minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope
Hassles Scale
measures how stressful events affect our adjustments
Hassles are better predictors of health, depression, and anxiety than major ____ ______
life events
What did Hans Selye study?
How the stress response (stomach ulcers, adrenal gland size) showed a pattern in stressful environments
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of 3 stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
GAS: The Alarm Reaction
-excitation of the ANS
-adrenaline release
-physical anxiety symptoms
The “seat of anxiety” is the limbic system (emotional brain) which includes the ______, _______, and _________
amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus
Physical Anxiety Symptoms
-cold, clammy hands
-dry mouth
-pounding heart
-rapid and shallow breathing
-lightheaded and dizzy
Amygdala
emotional response centre - stores emotional memories
Fight or Flight Response
physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or flee a threatening situation
Which parts of the brain control the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland?
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
GAS: Resistance
adapting to the stressor and finding a way to cope with it
Which parts of the brain are involved in the resistance phase?
cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
GAS: Exhaustion
when we lack good coping measures and our body begins to face damage to organ systems, depression and anxiety, and our immune system
Eustress
good stress
Distress
bad stress
Tend and Befriend
reaction that mobilizes people (usually females) to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress