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PSYC 105 - Introductory Psychology II > Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping, and Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping, and Health Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

the tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation, called a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively

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2
Q

Traumatic Event

A

a stressor that is so severe it can produce long-term psychological or health consequences

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3
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful

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4
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal

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5
Q

Problem-Focused Coping

A

coping strategy by which we problem solve and tackle life’s challenges head on

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6
Q

Emotion-Focused Coping

A

coping strategy that features a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behaviours that reduce painful emotions

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7
Q

Stress as a Transaction

A

how people interpret and cope with stressful events

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8
Q

Stress as a Response

A

psychological and physical reactions to stressful circumstances

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9
Q

Corticosteroid

A

stress hormone that activates the body and prepares us to respond to stressful circumstances

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10
Q

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

A

a questionnaire based on 43 life events ranked in terms of stressfulness rated by participants

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11
Q

The SRRS doesn’t consider…

A

-how people interpret events
-coping behaviours and resources
-chronic stressors

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12
Q

Hassles

A

minor annoyance or nuisance that strains our ability to cope

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13
Q

Hassles Scale

A

measures how stressful events affect our adjustments

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14
Q

Hassles are better predictors of health, depression, and anxiety than major ____ ______

A

life events

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15
Q

What did Hans Selye study?

A

How the stress response (stomach ulcers, adrenal gland size) showed a pattern in stressful environments

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16
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

stress response pattern proposed by Hans Selye that consists of 3 stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

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17
Q

GAS: The Alarm Reaction

A

-excitation of the ANS
-adrenaline release
-physical anxiety symptoms

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18
Q

The “seat of anxiety” is the limbic system (emotional brain) which includes the ______, _______, and _________

A

amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus

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19
Q

Physical Anxiety Symptoms

A

-cold, clammy hands
-dry mouth
-pounding heart
-rapid and shallow breathing
-lightheaded and dizzy

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20
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional response centre - stores emotional memories

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21
Q

Fight or Flight Response

A

physical and psychological reaction that mobilizes people and animals to either defend themselves or flee a threatening situation

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22
Q

Which parts of the brain control the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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23
Q

GAS: Resistance

A

adapting to the stressor and finding a way to cope with it

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24
Q

Which parts of the brain are involved in the resistance phase?

A

cerebral cortex and basal ganglia

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25
Q

GAS: Exhaustion

A

when we lack good coping measures and our body begins to face damage to organ systems, depression and anxiety, and our immune system

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26
Q

Eustress

A

good stress

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27
Q

Distress

A

bad stress

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28
Q

Tend and Befriend

A

reaction that mobilizes people (usually females) to nurture (tend) or seek social support (befriend) under stress

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29
Q

Which hormone promotes the tend and befriend response?

A

oxytocin

30
Q

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

condition that sometimes follows extremely stressful life events

31
Q

PTSD symptoms

A

-vivid memories, feelings, images from the event (flashbacks)
-feeling detached from others
-difficulty sleeping
-startling easily

32
Q

Social Support

A

relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources

33
Q

People with less ______ support have higher mortality rates

A

social

34
Q

Behavioural Control

A

the ability to step up and do something to reduce impact of a stressful situation or prevent its recurrence

35
Q

Avoidance-Oriented Coping

A

avoiding action to solve our problems, or giving up hope

36
Q

Cognitive Control

A

the ability to cognitively restructure or think differently about negative emotions that arise in response to stress provoking events

37
Q

Behavioural control involves _____-focused coping

A

problem

38
Q

Cognitive control involves ______-focused coping

A

emotion

39
Q

Decisional Control

A

the ability to choose among alternative course of action

40
Q

Informational Control

A

the ability to acquire information about a stressful event

41
Q

Proactive Coping

A

anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping

42
Q

Emotional Control

A

the ability to suppress and express emotions

43
Q

Catharsis

A

disclosing painful feelings

44
Q

Hardiness

A

set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful circumstances

45
Q

Spirituality

A

search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in god

46
Q

Ruminating

A

focusing on how bad we feel and endlessly analyzing the causes and consequences of our problems

47
Q

Immune System

A

our body’s defence system against bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms

48
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

study of the relationship between the immune system and CNS

49
Q

Are peptic ulcers caused by stress?

A

no it is usually Helicobacter pylori but a reduced immune system may increase susceptibility

50
Q

Psychophysiological

A

illnesses such as asthma and ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition

51
Q

Biopsychosocial Perspective

A

the view that an illness or medical condition is the product of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors

52
Q

Type A Personality

A

people who are competitive, driven, hostile, and ambitious and maybe at high risk for CHD

53
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

damage to the heart from the complete or partial blockage of the arteries

54
Q

Hostility, a type A trait is the most predictive of _____ disease

A

heart

55
Q

Healthy Psychology

A

field of psychology, also called behavioural medicine, that integrates the behavioural sciences with the practice of medicine

56
Q

Healthy Behaviour #1: Stop ____

A

smoking

57
Q

Healthy Behaviour #2: Curb ______ consumption

A

alcohol which contributes to cancer, liver disease, pregnancy complication, brain shrinkage

58
Q

Low to moderate drinking decreases risk of _______ disease and ________

A

heart disease and stroke

59
Q

Healthy Behaviour #3: Achieve a healthy ______

A

weight

60
Q

BMI

A

(weight (lbs)/(height (in))²) x 703

61
Q

Obese people have a heightened risk for…

A

heart disease, stroke, high BP, arthritis, cancer, respiratory problems, diabetes

62
Q

Healthy Behaviour #4: _______

A

exercise; lower BP and risk for CHD, improve lung function, relieve arthritis, decrease diabetes risk, reduce risk for cancer

63
Q

Alternative Medicine

A

health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

64
Q

Complementary Medicine

A

health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine

65
Q

Biofeedback

A

feedback by a device that provides almost an immediate output of a biological function such as HR or skin temp

66
Q

Meditation

A

a variety of practices that train attention and awareness

67
Q

Concentrative Meditation

A

goal is to focus attention on a single thing

68
Q

Awareness Meditation

A

attention flows freely and examines whatever comes to mind

69
Q

Yoga is helpful in reducing…

A

anxiety and depression, headaches, pain

70
Q

Acupuncture

A

ancient Chinese practice of inserting thin needles into more than 2000 points in the body to alter energy forces in the body

71
Q

Homeopathic Medicine

A

remedies that feature a small dose of an illness-inducing substance to activate the body’s own natural defences

72
Q

Match the supposed beliefs that:
A) Alleviate depression symptoms
B) Cures some cancers
C) Relieve mild arthritis pain
D) Improve sexual performance, energy, digestion, weight-loss
E) Slows cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s, heart attack and stroke risk

1) Acai Berries
2) Glucosamine and Chrondroitin
3) Shark Cartilage
4) St. Johns Wort Herb
5) Ginkgo Biloba Leaves

A

A) 4
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1
E) 5

PSYC 105 - Introductory Psychology II (8 decks)

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