Chapter 16 - Clinical psychology

Question 1

Paul Meehl

Answer 1

compared clinical predictions with statistical predictions
- wanted to know which one would better predict the behavior people display
- concluded that statistical outperforms clinical

Question 2

Molly Harrower

Answer 2

helped solve the problem about training clinical psychologists

Question 3

Hermann Rorschach

Answer 3

created the Rorschach projective test and was interested in the effects of mental states on perception, which he defined as consisting of 3 processes:
- sensation
- memory
- association

Question 4

David Shakow

Answer 4

stressed the importance of determining both the nature and origin of a patient’s condition
- formed the basis for the scientist-practitioner model of clinical training

Question 5

which 3 things should a clinical psychologist be able to do according to Shakow

Answer 5

• diagnosis: determine what is wrong (find the strengths and weaknesses of the clients
• research: academic research
• therapy: be able to provide it

Question 6

George Albee

Answer 6

argued against Shakow’s model, claiming that it was too focused on medical training and that it should be more focused on the community
- was a pioneer in community psychology

Question 7

community psychology

Answer 7

a field that studies the social and environmental factors that contribute to mental illness

Question 8

Hans Eysenck

Answer 8

condemned the inclusion of psychotherapy as a function of clinical psychology
- was doubtful that clinical psychology worked

Question 9

Joseph Wolpe

Answer 9

believed that psychoanalysis was ineffective
- believed it was better to address behavior directly

Question 10

behavioral therapy

Answer 10

uses systematic desensitization and looks at the consequences rather than the causes to change problematic behavior rather than the psychology behind it

Question 11

Aaron Beck

Answer 11

dissatisfied with psychoanalysis
- developed the cognitive theory of depression

Question 12

cognitive theory of depression

Answer 12

• cognitive distortions: wrong ways of seeing the world which usualy make a person really unhapy
• cognitive triad: having an absolute view of the world, a dichotomous view, and the tendency to look at only the negative side of every situation

Question 13

Alber Ellis

Answer 13

developed rational emotional therapy (RET) and introduced the ABC model

Question 14

rational emotional therapy (RET)

Answer 14

targets irrational beliefs and tries to change them with the idea to react less strongly to adversity

Question 15

ABC model

Answer 15

Adversity leads to Consequences through Beliefs

Question 16

Starke Hathaway

Answer 16

developed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 17

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Answer 17

a whole set of statements used to compare people with mental health problems from people without mental health problems in a statistical way

Question 18

Meehl

Answer 18

looked at the whole profile of people across the inventory to see if he could predict who had problems and who did not
- profile analysis