Chapter 11 - Freudian psychoanalysis Flashcards
Sigmund Freud
studied medicine in Vienna and met Franz Brentano
Franz Brentano
promoted the act psychology
act psychology
distinguishing the subject of psychology from that of the natural sciences
- natural sciences study objects
- the fundamental unit of analysis of psychology is action
intentionality
referring to and adopting attitudes or beliefs towards an object
Josef Breuer
Freud’s mentor
- treated Bertha Pappenheim
Bertha Pappenheim
suffered from severe hysteria symptoms
pathogenic ideas
emotions whose cause situation is forgotten
conversion
the process where emotional distress is unconsciously transformed into physical symptoms
cathartic method
a therapy that involves expressing and releasing repressed emotions to relieve psychological distress
- developed by Breuer
pressure technique
patients lay on a couch with their eyes closed, asked to recall the earliest experiences of the symptoms. if the patients were not able to remember, Freud pressed his hand on their foreheads, which indeed helped patients remember repressed memories
- the first technique Freud experimented with
free association technique
Freud asked his patients to tell him whatever came to mind. to guide the associations in the direction of the memory he asked the patients specific questions
overdetermination
a symptom is not caused by a single factor, but by 2 or more interacting factors
intrapsychic conflict
a conscious part of the patient wants to face his problems and be healed, but another unconscious part fears the emotional pain of talking about the memories and treis to sabotage the process
- discovered by Freud
seduction theory of hysteria
all hysteria patients must have experienced some form of sexual abuse as a child
- instead of consciously remembering the experience, people unconsciously produce hysterical conversion symptoms
manifest content of dreams
the consciously experienced content of a dream
latent content of dreams
the hidden content of the dream, which originally inspired the dream but only emerges in consciousness through free association
dream work
- displacement
- condensation
- concrete representation
displacement
negative emotions transfer from latent content to the situation you dream about. in a way, a person is experiencing images as less disturbing than the thought that inspired them
condensation
2 or more latent thoughts sometimes condense into a single manifest image
concrete representation
manifest content usually represents latent ideas through concretely experienced sensations. dreams are experienced not only as thoughts, but also as images, sounds, feelings, etc
primary process of thinking (unconscious)
associated with dreaming and symptom formation