Chapter 12 - Personality Psychology Flashcards
Gordon Allport
an American psychologist and younger brother of Floyd Allport
- student of Hugo Münsterberg
Hugo Münsterberg
argued that there are 2 types of psychology
- causal and objective psychology that describes people as objects in a mechanistic, general way
- purposeful and subjective psychology that focuses on the human experiences and humans as unique beings
William Stern
proponent of personalistic psychology in which the central concept is “the person” and the goal is to understand the individuality of the person
- relational individuality
- real individuality
relational individuality
measuring an individual’s relative or statistical position on a wide range of character traits
real individuality
an approach where the unique self is more than the sum of individual characteristics
the 4 domains Allport identified in psychological traits
- intelligence
- temperament
- self-expression
- sociality
functional autonomy
personality traits develop independently of what happened in the past
- childhood experiences do not necessarily determine them
nomothetic method/approach
compares people to other people on a set of standard questions or traits
- often numerically determined
- assumes general laws that apply to everyone
Raymond Cattell
engaged in the use of factor analysis
- developed the 16 personality factors questionnaire (16 PFQ)
factor analysis
a statistical procedure that reduces the correlation between a large number of individual variable to smaller factors/clusters
Hans Eysenck
reduced individual traits to 3 factors and developed the PEN model
- psychoticism
- extraversion
- neuroticism
Big Five model (OCEAN)
- openness
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
Mischel
presented the person-situation controversy
person-situation controversy
situations are more important than personality in determinng how people act
idiographic method/approach
the study of behavior that makes the individual unique
- more qualitative method
