chapter 16 Flashcards
surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears jawline, and occipital bone are referred to as what?
reference points
reference points in a haircut are used to establish what?
design lines
achieving balance within a design can be accomplished by understanding the what and reference points?
head shape
What is the widest part of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown, that can be found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head?
parietal bone
the what is the highest point on the top of the head, and can be located easily by placing a comb on top of the head and noticing that the comb is resting on the highest point?
apex
the two front corners represent the widest part of the what
bang area
hair that grows below the parietal ridge , or crest, hangs because of what/
gravity
the what area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone?
nape
By making a parting or drawing a line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the what of the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear.
back
what is the triangular section of the head that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners>?
bang area
A(n) what is a thin, continuous mark, curved or straight, used as a guide while cutting hair?
line
what is the working area of the hair that is separated prior to cutting?
section
an important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of what?
angeles
The three types of straight lines in haircutting include horizontal, vertical, and what lines?
diagonal
What type of haircutting lines are perpendicular to the horizon m ad are used to remove weight to create graduated or layers haircuts, and higher elevations?
vertical
what lines in a haircut are those that lie between the horizontal and vertical, have a slanting or sloping direction, and help to blend long layers into short layers to create fullness?
Diagonal
what, or stacking, involves using diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length
beveling
for control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called what?
sections
what is the line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section from another to create subsections?
partings
what, also known as projection or lifting, is the degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting?
elevation
elevation creates graduation and layers, and is usually described in what?
degrees
what is the elevation, or degrees, contained in a blunt or one length haircut?
0
when the hair is elevated to black, you are building weight in a haircut
above 90 degrees
what hair type requires less elevation and should by left a bit longer when cutting because of shrinkage as it dries?
curly hiar
what occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying?
shrinkage
the angel at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the what?
cutting line
a (n) what, also known as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut, and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape
guideliine
which guideline involves a small slice of a previous subsection that is moved to the next position and becomes the new guideline
traveling guide
what technique should bemused to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts?
overdirection
If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, over direct the sections to a stationary guide at the what?
back of the ears
A blank is a conversation between you and your client when you find out what the client is looking for, offer suggestions and professional advice and come to a joint decision about the most suitable haircut?
client consultation
you can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her what?
face shape
a client’s what is how he or she looks from eh side and can be best viewed by pulling the hair away from he face and up and away from the neck?
profile
If hair shrinks when it dries, you will need to cut wet hair how much than the desired length?
1 quarter to 1 1/2 inch longer
the what is the direction own which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling position
growth pattern
cowlick and whorls are examples of what that will affect where the hair ends up once it is dried, especially in the nape
growth patterns
you should use the what degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around the ears, to compensate for the hair being used up when it dries
minimum
hair what is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm2) of scalp and is usually described as think, medium, or thick
density
which description is most accurate of fine, think hair?
it needs weight and is limp
the what, or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies rom client to client, as well as within the same head of hair?
wave pattern
which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair and is often referred to as a shining shear, tapering shear, or notching shear?
texturizing
shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are known as what
notching shears
which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hiar
wide tooth comb
the comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor over comb technique, is a what?
barber comb
which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shears
japan, germany and the US
The what indicates the method of gauging the hardness of the metal (steel) of an individual shear in order to ensure that it maintains a sharp edge for an extended period of time
rockwell hardness
what is the ideal rockwell hardness of a shear?
56- 57
professional shears are made by either casting or forging the steel. Which process is best for ensuring shear durability, ease of adjustment or repair, and highest quality?
forging only
A tension in your shears that is too what will allow your shears to fold the hair
loose
before purchasing what, the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the right blade edge.
shears
the best overall blade edge for a hair stylist his what, because it will give you the smoothest cut and is the sharpest edge possible
convex
which type of texture shear adds increased blending?
texturizing
what in haircutting is the amount of pressure applied when combing or holding a subsection during a haircut
tension
A general rule of thumb when cutting hair is to stand or sit directly in front of the area you are cutting and to keep your body wight what?
centered
what reduces strain on the index finger and thumb when cutting the hair?
palming the shears
in a what haircut, also known a a one length haircut, all of the hair comes to a single hanging level forming a weight line
blunt
haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are called
layered cuts
what should not be used on curly hair because it weakens the cuticle and causes the hair to frizz
a razor
it si important to work with the natural what, or where and how hair is moved over the head, when locating the bang area?
distribution
the process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is called
texturizing
