chapter 12 Flashcards
all hair color products are organic chemicals , which means they what?
contain carbon and hydrogen
what si the study of substances that lack the element carbon , but contain the element hydrogen?
inorganic chemistry
a characteristic of all inorganic substances is that they what
lack carbon
the simplest for of chemical matter that cannot be broken down without the loss of identity is a(n)?
element
there are how many naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinct physical and chemical properties?
98
the basi unit of matter , with a nucleus at the center surround by negatively charged electrons that move around the muscles in orbits, is a(n)?
atom
chemically combining two or more are produces a what?
molecule
the chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements product a what?
compound
sodium chloride is an example of a
compound molecule
what state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
liquid
what is an example of a chemical property
ability to rust
change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a what change
physical
the oxidation of hair color is an example of a
chemical change
what type of chemical reaction results int eh oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent being oxidized
redox
chemical reactions that are characterized by giving off heat are
exothermic
the rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light is know as what?
combustion
a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions is a what
pure substance
air contains many substances, including nitrogen,, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and is an example of a what
physical mixture
a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent is a what
solution
a substance, usually liquid , that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a what
solvent
mutually soluble liquids that can be mixed together to form clear solutions are what
miscible
what and alcohol are what
examples of miscible liquids
an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is a what
emulsion
substance that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify are what
surfactants
being “capable of combining with or attacking water (water-loving)” is defined as
hydrophilic
” Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)” is defined as
lipophilic
what is an example of an oil in water emulsion of tow immiscible liquids
cold cream
substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products are
alkanolamines
what is an example of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salone
ammonium hydroxide
a sweet, colorless, oily substance that s used as a moisturizer in skin and body creams is what
glycerin
a common volatile organic compound used in hair spray is
ethyl acohol
an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is a
ion
what term refers to the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
ionization
an ion with positive electrical charge is considered to be
a cation
a solution with a pH value of seven indicates a what solution
neutral
