Chapter 16

Question 1

What was the condition of England question ?

Answer 1

There was a considerable dissatisfaction among the population with living and working conditions

Question 2

Where had the conservative been least successful in the election?

Answer 2

In winning seats in the large industrial borough and most support came from small English market towns due to them only willing to do moderate reform

Question 3

What were Peel main priorities when he became Prime Minister in 1841?

Answer 3

To stabilise government finances, stimulate trade and industry and lower the cost of living, unemployment and ultimately discontent and distress

Question 4

Who made up Peels Cabinet?

Answer 4

William Gladstone, Lord Stanley, Lord Arbeen.
All asultment of talent, strong leadership and free trade markerteers

Question 5

What was the general reaction to the new government?

Answer 5

General of satisfaction and real working government

Question 6

What were Peels objectives as Prime Minister?

Answer 6

Exercising his personal authority from the start of his ministry to concentrate on economic and physical reform

Question 7

What was the mine act of 1842?

Answer 7

-it states that all children under 10 and women were forbidden from working underground
-provisions was made from government inspectors

Question 8

Why was the mine act significant?

Answer 8

• it addressed child labour and the horrible conditions children and women were working in
• adding inspectors and verification of child age would enable more success
• however many men were still working long hours and child labour was still not totally gone

Question 9

What was the Factory Act 1844?

Answer 9

• reduced working hours for those under the age of 13
• maximum 6.5 hours working days for 9-13 hours
  -12 hours a day for women
• recommend safety improvements in factories such as the fencing off machinery

Question 10

Why was the factory act significant ?

Answer 10

• addressed adult working hours but only some e.g women
  -successful as conditions were slowly improving and hours were now more flexible

Question 11

What was the Railway act 1844?

Answer 11

Work of the board of trade led by William Gladstone
Relegated the activities of the new railway companies
Introduce parliamentary trains

Question 12

What was the Devon commission of 1843?

Answer 12

• was meant to make farmers want to invest in land as the lease was to short
• Devon commission also discovered that standard of living conditions in Ireland were really poor and rent was very high at certain periods
  -however bill Peek presented was defeated by self interest Irish and protestants

Question 13

What was the Irish Provincial college bill of 1844?

Answer 13

Established three new queens colleges to educate Irishmen regardless of there religion background
-However it failed as many ultra tories saw it as a dangerous measure

Question 14

What was the appointment of Heytsbury as Lord Lieutant of Ireland in 1844?

Answer 14

• act of union 1800 passed a separate administration who the official head was the Lord Lientenant whom was an official follower to Peel policies

Question 15

What was the Maynooth Grant in 1845 ?

Answer 15

• offered £30,00 for its rebuilding to Maynooth college to train catholic priest
  -however this led to problem within the party and led to Gladstone resigning

Question 16

What factors influenced Peel’s economic policy in 1841?

Answer 16

Misery and hardship because of the most recent economic downturn, export had fallen, causing a slump in the market and poor harvest made bread prices unsteady

Question 17

Peels finance reform ?

Answer 17

-income tax was introduced and tariff was lowered
-income tax raised £4 million which cleared the deficit of 2.5 million and left a surplus of 1.5 million
- bought 10% of government income for the next 3 years

Question 18

Peel administration reform ?

Answer 18

Bought a new level of efficiency into goverment
- his act addressed the worst abuse of children working underground as well as extending state intervention

Question 19

Peel’s banking reform ?

Answer 19

-introduced bank charter act
- to ensure the issues of bank note related to the volume of gold reserves held by three Bank of England
- act confirmed that the Bank of England was able to issue notes with a face value in place of cash
- decrease inflation and support of gold reserves made sure currency is more stable in the long term

Question 20

Peel’s trade reforms ?

Answer 20

• joint stock companies act of 1844 introduced measures to relegate company finance