Chapter 15 Flashcards
What were the municipal corporation?
Corporation played a key role in controlling the elections of MPS and were elected members of the council
Why were they in need of reform ?
There were about 250 in total and in 180 only members of the council could voter, great variation in how they were run/bribery and corruption was rife/ power was concentrated in their hands of minority
How many old corporations were dissolved?
Over 200
How many municipal borough were set up to replace them ?
179
What were the strength of the act ?
The act gave council powers to carry out certain improvements, a system was established to try and end the misuse of borough funds, produced a wider franchise
What were the limitations?
Although it produced a wider franchise than 1832 many were still excluded, ability to make improvement was held back by financial constraints/ no central body to achieve uniform standards
Give two ways in which the Whig reforms addressed the problems faced by society ?
Eduction grant
Factory act 1833
Abolition of slavery 1833
Poor law amendment act 1834
Municipal corporation act 1835
Give two ways in which the Whig reform fell short in addressing the problems faced by society?
-Factory act only limited child labour to extent and sometimes families would lie about the age of there child to make them work more as they were in need of the money
-conditions in workhouse were really bad and inhumane
-adult working hours
- failure of educational bill
Which groups were satisfied with the reform ?
The Whigs themselves felt they had achieved their aims especially with the regards to political reform
What was the purpose of a royal commission
A body set up by the government go look into a specific issue. It included expert who made proposals and recommendations to parliament
How did the great reform act 1832 lead to the rise of the chartist movement ?
Many working class felt it did not go far enough in remedying the abuses in the system and further reform was required
How did the factory act 1833 lead to the rise of the chartist movement ?
Many working class felt that there had been no real improvement in adult working conditions and hours within factories
What did chartist use to try and distribute their ideas more widely ?
The northern star and the poor man guardian which both exempt from stamp duty
What is meant by physical force and moral force chartist ?
- physical followed a more radical line
- moral force wanted to follow a moderate line
What did the rise of Chartism often coincide with ?
Periods of economic downturn and high unemployment
How did the poor law amendment act 1834 lead to the rise of the chartist movement ?
Many were angered by the changes in the poor laws and the imposition of the often cruel workhouses system
What did the chartist issue in 1838 ?
-Universal manhood suffrage
- secret ballot
- no property qualifications for MPs
-equal constituencies
-annual parliament
What was the outcome of the first chartist petition 1839?
Failure
What was the outcome of the second chartist petition 1842?
Dismissed and ridiculed in parliament
Who were the leaders of the chartist movement?
-William Lovett
- Feargus O’ Connor
What were the main aims if the chartist movement ?
Further redress of grievances from Great Reform Act 1832
What happened during the Newport rising 1839 ?
-Discontent at poor working conditions in coal mines and iron foundries in Newport , south wales
-Hundreds of armed chartist supporters were beaten and 24 were killed, imprisoned and movement lost impetus
What was the impact of the period of economic recovery between 1842 and 1846 on the chartist movement ?
Lessened popularity
Who were the a)undersving poor and b)deserving poor
A) poor through laziness wickedness or carelessness
B) those who found themselves enduring hardship through no fault of their own
Why was the anti corn law league more successful than the anti poor law league?
One simple demand
-worked through parliament
-well financed
Some historians have said that Chartism was a knife and fork question ?
Most closely associated with periods of economic downturn and unrest
What was the plug pot ?
-Followed rejection of second petition. August-September 1842- a strike where boiler plugs of steam engines were knocked out to prevent factories from operating, spread to other towns
- plug pot suggesting some sinister conspiracy
What were the aims of young Ireland and what was the response of the government ?
-Repealing the act of union
-put down the sporadic outbreak of violence
Who founded the anti corn law league where and when ?
Richard Cobden and John Bright in Manchester in 1839
Why were the corn laws repealed in 1846 ?
Irish Famine
