Chapter 16 Flashcards
identity versus role confusion
erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “who am i?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adapt
identity achievement
erikson’s term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans
role confusion
a situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is (sometimes called identity diffusion or role diffusion)
foreclosure
erikson’s term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts his or her parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis
moratorium
an adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity achievement decisions. going to college is a common example
gender identity
a person’s acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female
parental monitoring
parents’ ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with who
familism
the belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success, if necessary, in order to preserve family unity and protect the family from outside forces
peer pressure
encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority
deviancy training
destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms
sexual orientation
a term that refers to whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted to others of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes
major depression
feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that lasts two weeks or more
suicidal ideation
thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones
parasuicide
any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death
adolescence-limited offender
a person whose criminal activity stops by age 21
life-course-persistent offender
a person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life, a career criminal
generational forgetting
the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned. as used here, the term refers to knowledge about the harm drugs can do
