Chapter 11 Flashcards
childhood overweight
in a child, having a BME above the 85th percentile, according to the US centers for disease control’s 1980 standards for children of a given age
childhood obesity
in a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile, according to the US centers for disease control’s 1980 standards for children of a given age
asthma
a chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airways from the nose and mouth to the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. signs and symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightening, and coughing
reaction time
the time it takes to respond to a stimulus, either physically (with a reflexive movement such as an eyeblink) or cognitively (with a thought)
g (general intelligence)
the idea of g assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. according to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability
Flynn effect
the rise in average IQ scores that has occured over the decades in many nations
multiple intelligences
the idea that human intelligence is composed of a varied set of abilities rather than a single, all-encompassing one
neurodiversity
the idea that each person has neurological strengths and weaknesses that should be appreciated, in much the same way diverse cultures and ethnicities are welcomed, neurodiversity seems particularly relevant for children with disorders on the spectrum
developmental psychopathology
the field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders
comorbid
refers to the presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person
multifinality
a basic principle of developmental psychopathology which holds that one can have many (multiple) final manifestations
equifinality
a basic principle of developmental psychopathology which holds that one symptom can have causes
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD
a condition characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or by hyperactivity/impulsive behaviors; ADHD interferes with a person’s functioning or development
specific learning disorders
a marked deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, or by an unusually stressful home life
dyslexia
unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment
dyscalculia
unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a developmental disorder marked by difficulty with social communication and interaction - including difficulty seeing things from another person’s point of view - and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, or activities
least restrictive environment (LRE)
a legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn
response to intervention (RTI)
an educational strategy to help children who demonstrate below average achievement in early grades, using special intervention
individual educational plan (IEP)
a document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs
