Chapter 15 - Soil, Glass, & Paint Analysis

Question 1

Birefringence

Answer 1

• Phenomenon occuring in crystalline materials in which an incident ray of light is split into 2 rays
• Think of a straw in a glass of water

Question 2

Chemical Properties

Answer 2

Properties that can only be measured by attempting to change the chemical identity of the material itself (through chemical transformation)

Question 3

Color

Answer 3

The way that our eyes & brain perceive different wavelengths of light in the visible range

Question 4

Concentric Cracks

Answer 4

Fractures forming in an approximately circular pattern around the point of impact

Question 5

Density

Answer 5

Amount of mass of a material contained in a particular unit of volume

D = M / V

Question 6

Extrinsic Properties

Answer 6

Properties that change if the amount of material in the sample changes

Question 7

Geology

Answer 7

Study of the Earth, its materials along, and the physical processes that act upon them

Question 8

Glass

Answer 8

Amorphous, solid material composed mostly of silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Question 9

Intrinsic Properties

Answer 9

Properties that are the same no matter how much material is present in the sample

Question 10

Laminated Glass

Answer 10

• Piece of clear plastic is sandwiched (laminated) between 2 pieces of glass
• Holds together when shattered
• Car windshields

Question 11

Paint

Answer 11

An opaque coating that binds to the surface of an object

Question 12

Paint Solvent

Answer 12

Liquid component of paint that provides a consistency for spreading the paint on a surface

Question 13

Physical Properties

Answer 13

Properties that can be measured without changing chemical identity of a material

Question 14

Pigment

Answer 14

• Portion of paint with very tiny particles of organic/inorganic colored compounds
• This gives the paint its color

Question 15

Plastics

Answer 15

• Materials that can be molded
• Usually lightweight, water resistant, shock resistant
• Used in packaging, electrical materials, etc

Question 16

Radial Cracks

Answer 16

• Crack in glass that extends outward from the point of impact
• Form a “star-like” pattern

Question 17

Refractive Index

Answer 17

• The measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium into another.
• (velocity of light in a vacuum) / (by the velocity of light in the substance) = Refractive Index

Question 18

Soil

Answer 18

• Mixture of inorganic minerals and organic compounds that are packed together
• Soil can be matched to different global regions

Question 19

Stress-Induced Striations

AKA: Ribs, Heckles

Answer 19

• Occur when glass breaks
• Rib marks that appear on the edge of broken glass

Question 20

Tempered Glass

Answer 20

• Glass that has been subjected to extreme temperatures or chemical treatments to improve its strength
• “Safety Glass”
• Used in (passanger side) car windows, shower doors, glass tables, etc

Question 21

Viscosity

Answer 21

The resistance of a liquid to flow

Question 22

Volume by Displacement

Answer 22

• Method to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object
• Measures volume of liquid it displaces when submerged