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Forensics > Chapter 11 - Chemical Evidence > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Chemical Evidence Flashcards

1
Q

Analytical Chemisty

A

Branch of chemisty that deals with the seperation, purification, identification, quantification of substances

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2
Q

Anion

A

A negitivley charged ion

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3
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that can exist and still retain its identity as an element.

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4
Q

Atomic Mass

Weight

A
  • Mass of an atom that’s expressed in the standard unit of atomic mass units (amu)
  • Equal to the # of protons and neutrons in the atom
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5
Q

AMU

A

Unit of mass that weighs 1/12th the mass of a carbon atom containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons

atomic mass unit

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6
Q

Atomic number

A

The # of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

Cation

A

A positivley charged ion

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8
Q

Chemical analysis

A

The study of the chemical composition and structure of substances

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9
Q

Chemical Equation

A

Repsentation of a reaction showing the reactants combined to form the products

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10
Q

Chemical Property

A

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction

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11
Q

Chromatography

A

Process for separating components of a mixture

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12
Q

Concentration

A
  • Amount of solute dissolved in a quantity of solvent
  • Given in moles of solute in 1 liter of solution (molarity)
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13
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Matter cannont be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction

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14
Q

Density

A

The mass of a substance per unit volume

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15
Q

Detection Limit

A

The smallest amount of substance that can determine the composition of a substance

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16
Q

Electron

A
  • Small, stable particles
  • Are negatively charged
  • Equal and opposite to the + charge on protons
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17
Q

Element

A

Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts/changed into another substance

18
Q

Empirical Formula

A

Chemical formula of a compound that gives the proportions (ratios) of the elements present

19
Q

Heterogenous Mixture

A
  • Composed of 2 or more substances
  • Visually distinct components
20
Q

Homogenous Mixture

A
  • Composed of 2 or more substances
  • Appears uniform throughout
21
Q

Indicator

A

Monitors changes of properties (color, conductivity) in a reaction

22
Q

Instrumental Analysis

A

Deals with using complex, specific instruments to measure/ analyze the physical properties of samples

23
Q

Interference

A

Substance that obstructs/interferes with the chemical analysis of another substance in a mixture

24
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle or molecule

25
Q

Isomers

A

Different compounds with the same molecular formula

26
Q

Isotope

A

Members of a family of an element that all have the same # of protons but different #s of neutrons

27
Q

Liquid

A

Substance that has no definite shape but a fixed volume

28
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Gives the total # of atoms of each element present in a molecule

29
Q

Molecular Weight

A
  • Mass of a molecule that is expressed in AMU
  • Sum of the individual weights of atoms that make up the molecule
30
Q

Neutron

A
  • Particle with no charge
  • Has the same mass as a proton
31
Q

Reactant

A
  • Substance that reacts during a reaction
  • Eventually changed into a different substance
32
Q

Periodic Table

A
  • Table of the known chemical elements
  • Arranged by increasing atomic #s
  • Elements with similar chemical properties are arranged in vertical rows
33
Q

Physical Properties

A
  • Property used to characterize a substance without a chemical reaction
  • Boiling point, density
34
Q

Product

A

Substance that is the result of the reactants (reaction)

35
Q

Proton

A
  • Particle with about the same mass as a neutron
  • Has a positive electrical charge equal and opposite to an electron
36
Q

Quantitative Analysis

A

Measurement of the amounts of the components in a substance

37
Q

Qualitative Analysis

A

Determination of the identities of the components in a substance

38
Q

Retention Factor (Rf)

A

Rf value is the ratio of the distance traveled by the substance to the distance traveled by the solvent front

39
Q

Solid

A

Substance that has a definite shape and fixed volume

40
Q

Solubility

A

Degree to which a solute (solid) will dissolve in a solvent

41
Q

Solute

A

Substance dissolved in a solvent

42
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid that is used to dissolve a solute

Forensics (19 decks)

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