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Forensics > Chapter 13 - Forensic Toxicology > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Forensic Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Process in which light energy with certain wavelength is absorbed by a molecule when it interacts with light

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

Acidification of the blood

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3
Q

Acute Dose

A

An amount of a chemical administered over a short period of time

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4
Q

Alcohol

A

Organic compound with an OH group

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5
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enzyme

A

Enzyme in the liver that converts ethanol into acetaldehyde

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6
Q

Analgesic

A

A compound that relieves pain

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7
Q

Analyte

A

The compound that you’re analyzing for

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8
Q

BAC

A
  • Measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream
  • Given in terms of grams of alcohol in 100 mL of blood

Blood Alcohol Concentration/Content

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9
Q

Barbiturates

A

Medications that cause you to relax or feel drowsy.

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10
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

The accumulation of a substance in the tissues of an organism

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11
Q

Bioavailability

A

The amount of the compound that reaches the bloodstream

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12
Q

Breathalyzer

A

A device for measuring the alcohol in a person’s expired breath

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13
Q

Breath Testing

A

Method for measuring BAC levels from the alcohol in a person’s breath

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14
Q

Chronic Exposure

A

Exposure to a drug/chemical over long periods of time

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15
Q

Congeners

A

Other substances found in alcoholic beverages

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16
Q

Controlled Substance Act

CSA

A
  • Places all regulated substances in existing federal law into one of 5 schedules
  • Based on potential for abuse, medical use, and potential for addiction
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17
Q

Corrosive Poisons

A
  • Substances that physically destroy tissues upon direct contact
  • Act immediately (like strong acids and bases)
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18
Q

Cytotoxin

A

A substance that is toxic to cells

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19
Q

Depressants

A

Compounds that depress the functioning of the CNS, bringing about calmness and sleep

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20
Q

Distribution

A

The spreading of a substance after administration throughout an organism

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21
Q

Dose

A

The amount of a substance administered at a particular time

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22
Q

Drug

A
  • Substance that is given for medical purpose
  • Prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease
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23
Q

Elimination

A

The removal of substances from the body (metabolic products)

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24
Q

Ethanol

A
  • The alcohol used for human consumption
  • Also used as an additive to fuels

CH3CH2OH

25
Q

Ethnopharmacology

A

The exploration of traditional folk remedies for finding new drugs

26
Q

Field Sobriety Test

A

Behavorial tests enacted upon someone suspected of intoxication

27
Q

Fermentation

A

The breakdown of sugar into ethanol and CO2

28
Q

Half-life

t½

A

The amount of time it takes for 1/2 the original sample to change, decompose or decay

29
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • Alter normal thought processes, perceptions, personal awareness, psychological moods
  • Marijuana, LSD, PCP, MDMA
30
Q

Henry’s Law

A

Provides the basis for estimating the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream by measuring the amount of alcohol in exhaled breath

31
Q

Horizontal Gaze Nystagamus

HGN

A
  • Test that eamines the involuntary jerking of the eye as a person looks from side to side
    -Gages levels of intoxication
32
Q

Ingestion

A

The entry of a chemical into the body through the gastrointestinal tract (orally)

33
Q

Intramuscular

A

The injection of a substance directly into a muscle

34
Q

Intravenous

A

The injection of a substance directly into a blood vessel

35
Q

Injection

A

Insertion of a compound directly into the bloodstream/in nearby tissue

36
Q

Lethal Dose

LD50

A

The amount of drug that would kill a human/animal if administered

37
Q

Metabolic Poisons

A

Affect the biochemical functioning of cells and tissues

38
Q

Metabolite

A

Compound formed from the metabolism/break down of a drug

39
Q

Medicine

A

A drug or chemical used for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease

40
Q

Narcotic

A
  • A drug that brings relief from pain and brings sleep
  • Morphine, Heroin, Codeine,
41
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cells

42
Q

Neurotoxins

A

Molecules that interfere with the normal functioning of nerve cells

43
Q

Opiods

A
  • Natural to synthetic opoids that function similarly to opiates
  • Relieve pain
44
Q

Opiates

A
  • Natural compounds derived from opium sap
  • Relax the body and relieve pain
45
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how a drug works on a person

46
Q

Poison

A
  • A compound that function primarily by killing cells
  • Enters the body through inhalation, absorption, or orally
47
Q

Semi-synthetic Opiates

A

Drugs made synthetically from the naturally occurring opiates

48
Q

Side Effect

A

A secondary effect from a medical treatment

49
Q

Standardized Field Sobriety Test

SFST

A
  • Series of tasks used to evaluate impairment due to drug use
  • Positive tests may be used as a basis for an arrest
  • HGN, walk and turn, one leg stand
50
Q

Steroids

A

Compounds that…
- promote muscle growth and repair
- regulate metabolism and immune function
- control blood properties

51
Q

Stimulants

A
  • Compounds that increase alertness and activity
  • Adderall, Cocaine
52
Q

Subcutaneous

A

The injection of a substance directly into the skin layers

53
Q

Synapses

A

Junctions between nerve cells that complete the electrical connections in the nervous system

54
Q

Synesthesia

A

Effect that occurs when stimulation of one sense leads to stimulation of another sensation

55
Q

Tolerance

A
  • Condition that occurs when the body gets used to a substance
  • Capacity for the body to accept it increases
56
Q

Toxicology

A

The field that deals with the nature and effects of poisons

57
Q

Toxin

A

A poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms.

58
Q

Venom

A

A toxin that is injected directly into a victim

Forensics (19 decks)

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