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Psych 105 > Chapter 15 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

a persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour, thoughts, or emotions that cause significant distress or impairment

A

mental disorder

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2
Q

abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses have: biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures

A

medical model

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3
Q

objectively observed indicators of a disorder

A

signs

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4
Q

subjectively reported behaviours, thoughts, and emotions

A

symptoms

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5
Q

what are the three D’s?

A

disorder, disease, and diagnosis

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6
Q

what is the theory of physiognomy?

A

the idea that mental disorders can be diagnosed through facial features. this is now considered superstition

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7
Q

co-occurence of two or more disorders in a single individual

A

comorbidity

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8
Q

cultural context influences how mental disorders are:

A

experienced, described, assessed, and treated

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9
Q

provides a framework for thinking about differences in cultural concepts of distress

A

the DSM-5

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10
Q

an intense fear that one’s body parts or functions displease, embarrass, or are offensive to others

A

taijin kyofusho

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11
Q

the biopsychological perspective states that mental disorders are the result of:

A

interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors

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12
Q

a person may be predisposed to a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

A

the diathesis-stress model

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13
Q

a new initiative to guide classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them

A

research domain criteria project

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14
Q

psychiatric labels can have negative consequences because of their association with:

A

negative stereotypes and stigma

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15
Q

a class of mental disorders in which anxiety is the predominant features

A

anxiety disorders

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16
Q

disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations

A

phobic disorders

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17
Q

disorders characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

A

panic disorder

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18
Q

specific phobia involving the fear of public places or fear something terrible will happen

A

agoraphobia

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19
Q

true or false: certain disorders can start as one type of disorder but can morph into another

A

true

20
Q

chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance

A

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

21
Q

a disorder characterized by repetitive, intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behaviours designed to fend off thoughts that interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

22
Q

a disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent, unwanted thoughts or images of past trauma, and avoidance of things that call traumatic events to mind

A

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

23
Q

what brain regions are affected by PTSD?

A

heightened amygdala activity, decreased medial prefrontal cortex activity, and a smaller hippocampus

24
Q

mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature

A

mood disorders

25
Q

what are the two main forms of mood disorders?

A

unipolar depression and bipolar depression

26
Q

a disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts two weeks or more; accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and a lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep/appetite disturbances

A

major depressive disorder (MDD)

27
Q

a disorder characterized by the same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression are present, but they are less severe and last longer, persisting for at least two years

A

persistent depressive disorder

28
Q

occurs when major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder co-occur

A

double depression

29
Q

involves recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

A

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

30
Q

depression may involve absolute or relative depletion of neurotransmitters such as:

A

norepinephrine and serotonin

31
Q

is depression heritable?

A

yes

32
Q

dysfunctional attitudes and negative mood states in individuals who were depressed

A

Aaron Beck

33
Q

an unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood and low mood

A

bipolar disorder

34
Q

which mental disorder has the highest rate of heritability

A

bipolar disorder

35
Q

a disorder characterized by profound disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion, and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behaviour

A

schizophrenia

36
Q

what are the positive of schizophrenia?

A

hallucinations and delusions

37
Q

what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behaviour, catatonic behaviour, disordered motor behaviour, and blunted effect

38
Q

what are the characteristics of catatonic schizophrenia?

A

may assume an unusual posture and fail to move for hours

39
Q

true or false: concordance rates of schizophrenia increase with biological relatedness

A

true

40
Q

schizophrenia involves an excess of ________ activity

A

dopamine

41
Q

a disturbed family environment may affect the _________ and ________ of schizophrenia

A

development, recovery

42
Q

a condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviours, interests, or activities

A

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

43
Q

a disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning

A

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

44
Q

a persistant pattern of deviant behaviour involving aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations

A

conduct disorder

45
Q

a disorder characterized by depply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning

A

personality disorder

46
Q

a pervasive pattern or disrergard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood

A

antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Psych 105 (9 decks)

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