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Psych 105 > Chapter 10 - Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

what is intelligence?

A

ability to use one’s mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience

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2
Q

who invented the first intelligence test for children?

A

Binet and Simon

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3
Q

the first intelligence test was used to identify children who needed “remedial” education, what did it measure?

A

aptitude and achievement

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4
Q

the potential to learn

A

aptitude

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5
Q

one’s successes and abilities

A

achievement

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6
Q

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are the world’s most widely used intelligence tests, and measure intellience by:

A

asking people to answer questions and solve problems

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7
Q

intelligence scores correlate with a wide variety of:

A

successful life events and accomplisments

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8
Q

intelligence tests are used to predict things like:

A
  • academic performance
  • occupational status
  • income
  • health
  • longevity
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9
Q

Nikoleav and colleagues found a postive correlation between:

A

a nation’s average IQ and average happiness

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10
Q

Galton believed that intelligence was based on:

A

sensory and motory skills and abilities

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11
Q

Charles Spearman sought to discover if there was a hierarchy of abilities, and found many postitive correlations among cognitive tasks, leading to the creation of the:

A
  • two-factor theory of intelligence
  • conformation factor analysis
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12
Q

what are the three levels of the three-level hierarchy of intelligence?

A

1) g = general intelligence
2) m = memory, reasoning, and verbal skills
3) s = specific cognitive abilities

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13
Q

What are the two levels of Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence?

A

1) g = general intelligence
2) s = specific cognitive abilities

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14
Q

Louis Thurstone thought intelligence was measured by:

A

seven primary mental abilities

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15
Q

what are the two difference approches to the middle-level abilities in the three-level hierarchy?

A
  • data-based: connects intelligence test performacnce to clusters
  • theory-based approach: broadly surveys human abilities and determines which abilities that intelligence tests will and will not measure
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16
Q
  • memory and learning
  • visual perception
  • auditory perception
  • retrieval ability
  • cognitive speediness
  • processing speed
  • crystallized intelligence
  • fluid intelligence
    these are all middle level abilities outlined by:
A

John Carroll

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17
Q

what is fluid intelligence?

A

the ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical relationships

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18
Q

fluid intelligence is often measured by:

A

Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test

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19
Q

what is crystallized intelligence?

A

the ability to retain and use the knowledge that was acquired through experience

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20
Q

unlike many other intelligence tests created by old, white, upper class, academic men, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test is:

A

culturally fair

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21
Q

Robert Sternberg proposed three kinds of intelligence, what were they?

A
  • analytical intelligence
  • creative intelligence
  • practical intelligence
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22
Q

what is emotional intelligence?

A

ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning

23
Q

different cultures express different views on intelligence, this can be due to:

A
  • radically different conceptualizations of intelligence
  • differences in language
  • differences in kinds of problems that are considered important
24
Q
  • naturalistic
  • bodily-kinaesthetic
  • logico-mathematical
  • visuo-spatial
  • verbal/lingustic
  • interporsonal
  • intrapersonal
  • existential
  • musical
    these nine intelligence types were founded by:
A

Gardner

25
Q

intelligence is the joint product of innate ________ and unique _________

A

characteristics, experiences

26
Q

Plato suggested that people are born with __________ that make them good rulers, soldiers, or tradesmen

A

innate aptitudes

27
Q

Sir Francis Galton argued that intelligence was _________, he is also the father of _________

A

inherited, eugenics

28
Q

people who share all of their genes (identical twins) have similar test scores regardless of:

A

whether they share environments

29
Q

family members may have similar levels of intelligence because they share:

A

genes

30
Q

the statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s IQ scores that differences in their genes can explain

A

heritability coefficient (h^2)

31
Q

the heritability of intelligence generally increases with the ________ of the sample measured

A

age

32
Q

relative intelligence is generally ________, but absolute intelligence is ________

A

stable, subject to change over time

33
Q

the accidental discovery that the averag intelligence test score rises about 0.3% every year

A

the Flynn effect

34
Q

one of the best predictors of intelligence is:

A

the family’s material well-being

35
Q

being raised in a high socio-economic status an have what effect on IQ:

A

raising IQ by 12-18 points

36
Q

the correlation between formal education and intelligence is:

A

large

37
Q

true or false: genes can cause people to be drawn towards or away from particular environments

A

true

38
Q

brains of low-IQ people are ________ by early adolescence

A

closed

39
Q

brains of high-IQ people are _______ well into adolescence

A

open to influence

40
Q

how many people have IQs between 85-115

A

68%

41
Q

people who score well above the large middle range of an IQ distribution are said to be:

A

intellectually gifted

42
Q

people who score well below the middle range of an IQ distribution are said to be:

A

intellectually disabled

43
Q

true or false: average intelligence is a skewed distribution

A

false, it’s normal

44
Q

people with high IQ’s are less prone to _________ than people with low intelligence

A

mental illness

45
Q

true or false: very high IQ children are less adjusted than their peers

A

false, they are just as well adjusted

46
Q

gifted children spend more time engaged in:

A

their domain of excellence

47
Q

are intellectual disabilities more general or specific in nature?

A

general

48
Q

what are the two most common causes of intellectual disability?

A
  • down syndrome
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
49
Q

may create fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold

A

stereotype threat

50
Q

what are the pros and cons to selectively breeding embryos for high intelligence?

A

pros:
- first step towards a world of relatively uniform and high intelligence
- providingpeople to fill increasing sophisticated jobs
cons:
- only available to the wealthy
- failing to predict the impact of such technology

51
Q

research indicates that these four things increase a child’s intelligence:

A
  • pregnant women having a diet rich with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • enrolling low SES kids in early education programs
  • reading to children
  • sending children to preschool
52
Q

what are cognitive enhancers?

A

drugs that improve psychological processes that underlie performance

53
Q
A

Psych 105 (9 decks)

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