Chapter 14 - Stress and Health

Question 1

stress and stressor have both ______ and ______ effects that can influence health

Answer 1

immediate, cumulative

Question 2

specific stimuli/events that cause stress

Answer 2

stressors

Question 3

response to a stressor, often physical or psychological

Answer 3

stress

Question 4

concerned with the way that psychological stress responses contribute to physical illnessses and conditions

Answer 4

health psychology

Question 5

what psychologists first thought of the idea that stress can cause illness, and tested the magnitude of readjustment needed after changes?

Answer 5

Holmes and Rahe

Question 6

source of stress that occur continuously or repeatedly

Answer 6

chronic stressors

Question 7

can discrimination cause illness?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action

Answer 8

fight-or-flight response

Question 9

The ______ travels through the bloodstream to activate the ______ to release ______ and ______ and energize the fight-or-flight response

Answer 9

ACTH, adrenal glands, catecholamines, cortisol

Question 10

a three stage physiological stress response that appears, regardless of stressor encountered; nonspecific and does not vary across stressors

Answer 10

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 11

what are the three main phases of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 11

• alarm phase
• resistance phase
• exhaustion phase

Question 12

who came up with the idea of the “three phase stress response”?

Answer 12

Selye

Question 13

stressors can cause hormones to flood the brain, wearing down the _______

Answer 13

immune system

Question 14

who developed the idea that the body responds differently to a threat than a challenge?

Answer 14

Lazarus and Folkman

Question 15

a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation

Answer 15

burnout

Question 16

what are the two major causes of burnout?

Answer 16

• gauging your self worth by success at work alone
• emotionally stressful jobs

Question 17

who reported that happiness and stress go down as incomes increase?

Answer 17

Kahneman and Deaton

Question 18

overall accumulated sleep loss

Answer 18

sleep debt

Question 19

consistent accumulation over a period of time

Answer 19

sleep deficit

Question 20

what are the three major types of mind management?

Answer 20

• repression
• rationalization
• reframing

Question 21

avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint

Answer 21

repressive coping

Question 22

facing a stressor and working to overcome it

Answer 22

rational coping

Question 23

what are the three main steps of rational coping?

Answer 23

• acceptance
• exposure
• understanding

Question 24

finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces a threat

Answer 24

reframing

Question 25

a reframing technique that helps people cope with stressful situations by developing positive ways to about situations

Answer 25

stress inoculation training (SIT)

Question 26

what are the four major types of body management?

Answer 26

- meditation - relaxation - biofeedback - aerobic exercise

Question 27

a practic of intentional contemplation

Answer 27

meditation

Question 28

a technique used to measure the subtle activity of muscles

Answer 28

electromyography (EMG)

Question 29

a technique for reducing tension by conscious relaxing muscles

Answer 29

relaxation therapy

Question 30

a condition of reduced muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure

Answer 30

relaxation response

Question 31

the use of an external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control over that function

Answer 31

biofeedback

Question 32

excercise that increased heart rate and oxygen intake for a sustained period

Answer 32

aerobic exercise

Question 33

what are the four main types of situation mangement?

Answer 33

- social support - religious or spiritual practice - humour - avoiding procrastination

Question 34

aid gained through interacting with others

Answer 34

social support

Question 35

does humour have a cumulative effect for stress coping?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

putting off a task for later

Answer 36

procrastinating

Question 37

what are some of the main reasons for people to procrastinate?

Answer 37

the task may be boring, difficult or unpleasant, or may require too much effort

Question 38

coordinated, adaptive set of reactions to illness organized by the brain; can be prompted through stress without infection

Answer 38

sickness response

Question 39

in humans, the connection between sickness response, immune reaction, and stress is illustrated in:

Answer 39

depression

Question 40

socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked with illness; provides exemptions and obligations

Answer 40

sick role

Question 41

feigning medical or psychological symptoms to achieve something one wants

Answer 41

malingering

Question 42

is malingering always medically related?

Answer 42

no, not always

Question 43

what are the two main kinds of psychological factors influence personal health?

Answer 43

- health-relevant personality traits - health behaviour

Question 44

aids in maintenence of psychological health in the face of physical problems

Answer 44

optimism

Question 45

a person's optimism or pessimism tends to be:

Answer 45

stable over time

Question 46

- a sense of commitment - a belief in control - acceptance of challenge these are all characteristics of:

Answer 46

hardiness

Question 47

do people tend to act on the basis of the knowledge of health promoting factors?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preffered standards

Answer 48

self-regulation

Question 49

why doesn't dieting work?

Answer 49

conscious self-regulation can easily be undermined by stress

Question 50

why can avoiding sexual risks be difficult?

Answer 50

because of the illusion that one has unique invulnerability

Question 51

who suggested that "overparenting" can cause significant harm by depriving children of opportunities to learn creativity, competence, and confidence, and to develop a true sense of who they really are?

Answer 51

Julie Lythcott-Haims