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Chapter 15 - Industrial & Organizational Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main goals of I/O psychologists?

A
  1. Promote effective employee job performance

2. Improve the health, safety, and well being of employees

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2
Q

When did I/O psychology emerge?

A

early 1900’s

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3
Q

What are the four human attributes?

A

Knowledge, skill, ability, other personal charateristics

KSAOs

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4
Q

What is done to tell what KSAOs are needed for a particular job?

A

Job analysis

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5
Q

What are the two methods of job analysis?

A
  1. Job-oriented approach

2. Person-oriented approach

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6
Q

What is the job-oriented approach?

A

Describing the tasks involved in doing a specific job

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7
Q

What is the person-oriented approach?

A

Describing the KSAOs needed to do the neccesary job tasks

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8
Q

What is the most useful type of job analysis when it comes to hiring employees?

A

The person-oriented approach

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9
Q

What are some tools for job analysis?

A
  1. Questionnaires (i.e. PAQ)
  2. Positron Analysis Positron (for comparing)
  3. O*NET
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10
Q

What are the three main ways to measure employee characteristics?

A
  1. Psychological Tests
  2. Job Applicant Interviews
  3. Assessment Centers
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11
Q

What are the three main types of psychological tests?

A
  1. Standard Intelligence Tests (most common)
  2. Situational Judgement Tests (SJTs)
  3. Personality Tests
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12
Q

What are SJTs?

A

Tests that work with specific workplace situations

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13
Q

What are personality tests

A

They measure things like: conscientiousness

-integrity tests

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14
Q

What are the two types of job applicant interviews?

A
  1. structured

2. unstructured

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15
Q

What type of interview is better and why?

A

Structured interviews, because there is less bias and it tends to be more relevant to the position

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16
Q

What are assessment centers?

A

An extensive set of exercises designed to determined a individual’s suitability for a particular job

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17
Q

What is theoretical criterion?

A

A statement of what we mean for good or bad performance

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18
Q

What is actual criterion?

A

Criteria which specifies what we should measure to determine theoretical criteron

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19
Q

What are the measures of performance appraisal?

A
  1. Objective behaviors

2. Subjective measures

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20
Q

What are objective measures?

A

Counting frequency of particular behaviors or the results of those behaviors

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21
Q

What are subjective measures?

A

Tends to focus on supervisor judgement

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22
Q

What are the problems with graphic rating forms?

A
  1. leniency error
  2. halo effect
  3. bias
23
Q

What is potentially a better alternative to graphic rating forms?

A

Behavior-focused rating forms

24
Q

What are behavior-focused rating forms?

A

Lists of critical incidents for supervisors to answer

25
What a solution to the bias involved with supervisor ratings?
the "360-degree" approach
26
What are validity studies?
research projects designed to determine how well a particular assessment predicts an employee's actual job performance
27
What are the legal issues with recruitment and selection?
employers should not discriminate based on characteristics that have nothing to do with job performance
28
What legal accomplishment took place in 1978?
I/O psychologists helped create the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
29
What is a training needs assessment?
An assessment that helps determine what types of training an organization should provide
30
What are the two aspects of the training needs assessment?
1. looking at job-analysis reports | 2. employees describe, personal development plans
31
What are the principles of designing training programs?
1. transfer of training 2. feedback 3. training in general principles 4. overlearning 5. sequencing
32
What is training in general principles?
Helping employees see the bigger picture so that they can understand the "why" ?
33
What are the two types of sequencing?
1. massed training X | 2. distributed training *
34
What are the three types of evaluation criteria?
1. training-level criteria 2. trainee-learning criteria 3. performance-level criteria
35
What are the three effects of motivation?
1. direction 2. intensity 3. persistence
36
What are the origins of the ERG theory?
It was developed by Clayton Alderfer in 1969
37
What is the application of ERG in the workplace?
It helps employers to recognize the importance of employee aspects not directly related to their job
38
What are the origins of Expectancy Theory?
It was developed by Vroom in 1964
39
What is the expectancy theory?
1. What results they expect their actions to bring | 2. How much they value those results
40
What are the parts of the goal-setting theory?
1. chosen or accepted goals 2. difficult enough but not overly challenging 3. specific enough
41
What are the three components of job satisfaction?
1. cognitive 2. emotional 3. behavioral
42
What are the two types of job satisfaction measurement?
1. facet | 2. global
43
What are the pieces of job satisfaction?
1. job requirements 2. salary 3. work-family conflicts 4. age, gender, ethnicity
44
What is relative deprivation?
Others are unfairly receiving more benefits
45
How does culture play a role in job satisfaction?
Western - internal | Eastern - external
46
Who did work with the genetics of job satisfaction?
Richard Arvey, 1989
47
How do job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviors relate?
stressors --> job dissatisfaction --> low control --> conuterproductive behavior high control --> productive work behavior
48
What is a work group?
Two people who interact with eachother on same or different tasks
49
What is a work team?
1. member's activities are coordinated and depend on eachother 2. each member has a specialized role 3. members are working to accomplish a common role
50
What is a Autonomous Work Group? (AWG) ?
Self-managing and report higher levels of job satisfaction
51
What are the two leadership dimensions developed by Ohio State in 1945?
1. Consideration | 2. Initiating Structure
52
What is the Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
Leaders change as they gain experience with their group
53
What were the details on the charismatic leader study?
can probably be learned in part

Psychology (13 decks)

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