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Psychology > Chapter 15 - Industrial & Organizational Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Industrial & Organizational Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main goals of I/O psychologists?

A
  1. Promote effective employee job performance

2. Improve the health, safety, and well being of employees

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2
Q

When did I/O psychology emerge?

A

early 1900’s

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3
Q

What are the four human attributes?

A

Knowledge, skill, ability, other personal charateristics

KSAOs

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4
Q

What is done to tell what KSAOs are needed for a particular job?

A

Job analysis

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5
Q

What are the two methods of job analysis?

A
  1. Job-oriented approach

2. Person-oriented approach

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6
Q

What is the job-oriented approach?

A

Describing the tasks involved in doing a specific job

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7
Q

What is the person-oriented approach?

A

Describing the KSAOs needed to do the neccesary job tasks

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8
Q

What is the most useful type of job analysis when it comes to hiring employees?

A

The person-oriented approach

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9
Q

What are some tools for job analysis?

A
  1. Questionnaires (i.e. PAQ)
  2. Positron Analysis Positron (for comparing)
  3. O*NET
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10
Q

What are the three main ways to measure employee characteristics?

A
  1. Psychological Tests
  2. Job Applicant Interviews
  3. Assessment Centers
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11
Q

What are the three main types of psychological tests?

A
  1. Standard Intelligence Tests (most common)
  2. Situational Judgement Tests (SJTs)
  3. Personality Tests
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12
Q

What are SJTs?

A

Tests that work with specific workplace situations

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13
Q

What are personality tests

A

They measure things like: conscientiousness

-integrity tests

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14
Q

What are the two types of job applicant interviews?

A
  1. structured

2. unstructured

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15
Q

What type of interview is better and why?

A

Structured interviews, because there is less bias and it tends to be more relevant to the position

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16
Q

What are assessment centers?

A

An extensive set of exercises designed to determined a individual’s suitability for a particular job

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17
Q

What is theoretical criterion?

A

A statement of what we mean for good or bad performance

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18
Q

What is actual criterion?

A

Criteria which specifies what we should measure to determine theoretical criteron

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19
Q

What are the measures of performance appraisal?

A
  1. Objective behaviors

2. Subjective measures

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20
Q

What are objective measures?

A

Counting frequency of particular behaviors or the results of those behaviors

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21
Q

What are subjective measures?

A

Tends to focus on supervisor judgement

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22
Q

What are the problems with graphic rating forms?

A
  1. leniency error
  2. halo effect
  3. bias
23
Q

What is potentially a better alternative to graphic rating forms?

A

Behavior-focused rating forms

24
Q

What are behavior-focused rating forms?

A

Lists of critical incidents for supervisors to answer

25
Q

What a solution to the bias involved with supervisor ratings?

A

the “360-degree” approach

26
Q

What are validity studies?

A

research projects designed to determine how well a particular assessment predicts an employee’s actual job performance

27
Q

What are the legal issues with recruitment and selection?

A

employers should not discriminate based on characteristics that have nothing to do with job performance

28
Q

What legal accomplishment took place in 1978?

A

I/O psychologists helped create the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures

29
Q

What is a training needs assessment?

A

An assessment that helps determine what types of training an organization should provide

30
Q

What are the two aspects of the training needs assessment?

A
  1. looking at job-analysis reports

2. employees describe, personal development plans

31
Q

What are the principles of designing training programs?

A
  1. transfer of training
  2. feedback
  3. training in general principles
  4. overlearning
  5. sequencing
32
Q

What is training in general principles?

A

Helping employees see the bigger picture so that they can understand the “why” ?

33
Q

What are the two types of sequencing?

A
  1. massed training X

2. distributed training *

34
Q

What are the three types of evaluation criteria?

A
  1. training-level criteria
  2. trainee-learning criteria
  3. performance-level criteria
35
Q

What are the three effects of motivation?

A
  1. direction
  2. intensity
  3. persistence
36
Q

What are the origins of the ERG theory?

A

It was developed by Clayton Alderfer in 1969

37
Q

What is the application of ERG in the workplace?

A

It helps employers to recognize the importance of employee aspects not directly related to their job

38
Q

What are the origins of Expectancy Theory?

A

It was developed by Vroom in 1964

39
Q

What is the expectancy theory?

A
  1. What results they expect their actions to bring

2. How much they value those results

40
Q

What are the parts of the goal-setting theory?

A
  1. chosen or accepted goals
  2. difficult enough but not overly challenging
  3. specific enough
41
Q

What are the three components of job satisfaction?

A
  1. cognitive
  2. emotional
  3. behavioral
42
Q

What are the two types of job satisfaction measurement?

A
  1. facet

2. global

43
Q

What are the pieces of job satisfaction?

A
  1. job requirements
  2. salary
  3. work-family conflicts
  4. age, gender, ethnicity
44
Q

What is relative deprivation?

A

Others are unfairly receiving more benefits

45
Q

How does culture play a role in job satisfaction?

A

Western - internal

Eastern - external

46
Q

Who did work with the genetics of job satisfaction?

A

Richard Arvey, 1989

47
Q

How do job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviors relate?

A

stressors –> job dissatisfaction –>

low control –> conuterproductive behavior
high control –> productive work behavior

48
Q

What is a work group?

A

Two people who interact with eachother on same or different tasks

49
Q

What is a work team?

A
  1. member’s activities are coordinated and depend on eachother
  2. each member has a specialized role
  3. members are working to accomplish a common role
50
Q

What is a Autonomous Work Group? (AWG) ?

A

Self-managing and report higher levels of job satisfaction

51
Q

What are the two leadership dimensions developed by Ohio State in 1945?

A
  1. Consideration

2. Initiating Structure

52
Q

What is the Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

A

Leaders change as they gain experience with their group

53
Q

What were the details on the charismatic leader study?

A

can probably be learned in part

Psychology (13 decks)

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