Chapter 1 - Overview

Question 0

Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 0

Basic mental processes

i.e. forgetfulness, memories, unconsciousness, decision making

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes and to apply that knowledge to that understanding in the service of human welfare

Question 2

Biological Psychologists

Answer 2

Aka: physiological psychologists/ neuroscientists

Genes, brain chemistry, cell communication

Question 3

Personality Psychologists

Answer 3

Study individuality and how people compare

Question 4

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 4

Study changes to understand developmental cause and effects

e.g. How old a child must be

Question 5

Quantitative Psychologists

Answer 5

Analyze research information

Question 6

Clinical, counseling, community psychologists

Answer 6

Behavior disorders, mental health, homeless, advocate

Question 7

Educational psychologists

Answer 7

Research and theories about teaching and learning

Question 8

School Psychologists

Answer 8

Was: intelligence testing

Now: set up programs to improve achievement

Question 9

Social Psychologists

Answer 9

Study if how people influence each other

Question 10

Industrial and organizational psychologists

Answer 10

Study and address factors that affect efficiency

Question 11

Health psychologists

Answer 11

Study effects of behavior on health and vice-virsa

Question 12

Sports Psychologists

Answer 12

Keys to maximize performance

Question 13

Forensic psychologists

Answer 13

Matters involving psychology and the law

e.g. Jury selection, ability to stand trial

Question 14

Engineering psychologists

Answer 14

Aka: human factors psychologists

Study and improve human tech relatonship

Question 15

Define: Empiricism

Answer 15

Minds are a blank slate, experiences write a lifelong story

“Tabula rasa”

Question 16

Who are The Empiricists and when are they from?

Answer 16

John Locke, George Berkley, David Hume

1600’s

Question 17

Birth of modern psychology

Answer 17

1879 (Wundt established 1st formal psych laboratory)

Question 18

Why is Wundt significant

Answer 18

He transformed psychology from a philosophy to a science of the mental processes

Question 19

What the the main approach of Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener

Answer 19

Introspection

Question 20

Who was Edward Titchener?

Answer 20

English student of Wundt who developed structuralism to define the building blocks of consciousness

Question 21

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 21

1912

Mac Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa, Wolfgang Kohler

Phi phenomenon- conscious experience is not simply the sum of its parts

Question 22

Sigmund Freud

Answer 22

Physician in Vienna, Austria

Late 1880’s

Believed in unconscious quarrel with instincts and society; formed psychoanalysis

Question 23

Environmental Psychologists

Answer 23

Study environment’s effect on human behavior

Question 24

What is Functionalism?

Answer 24

William Hames late 1870's @ Harvard. Rejected structuralism and Wundt. Focused on a stream of consciousness and began to measure individual differences and enter schools

Question 25

What two historical forms of psychology did Darwin influence?

Answer 25

Watson's behaviorism and James' functionalism

Question 26

When was Behaviorism dominate?

Answer 26

1920's - 1960's

Question 27

Behaviorism

Answer 27

John B. Watson Concerned only with observable behavior B.F. Skinner Operant conditioning, functional analysis of behavior

Question 28

Biological Approach

Answer 28

Hormones, genes, and nervous system effects

Question 29

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 29

Assumes processes are direct evolutionary result and have clear evolutionary consequences

Question 30

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 30

Rooted in Freud Instincts vs. society

Question 31

Behavioral Approach

Answer 31

Only observable behavior Train new responses (Strict behaviorism is modernly criticized)

Question 32

Cognitive Approach

Answer 32

Behavior is affected by how we mentally take in and process information Step by step process

Question 33

Humanistic Approach

Answer 33

Humans are essentially good People want to reach full potential Less influential, vague

Question 34

Women and Minorities

Answer 34

Women 67, 75 Minorities 16

Question 35

Diversity changing psychology

Answer 35

Humans were considered to be essentially alike, however not true "Sociocultural factors"

Question 36

EMDR

Answer 36

Example, Francine Shaparino 1987

Question 37

Operational definitions

Answer 37

Exact definitions for scientific research

Question 38

Statistical reliability vs. Statistical validity

Answer 38

Reliability= consistency Validity= accuracy

Question 39

Behavioral Genetics

Answer 39

How genes shape behavior

Question 40

Descriptive statistics

Answer 40

Used to describe set if data

Question 41

Inferential Statistics

Answer 41

Procedures that help draw inferences

Question 42

Statistical significance

Answer 42

When inferential statistics reveal a correlation efficient with a distance greater than expected by chance

Question 43

IRB

Answer 43

Institutional review board