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Psychology > Chapter 1 - Overview > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Overview Flashcards

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0
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

Basic mental processes

i.e. forgetfulness, memories, unconsciousness, decision making

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes and to apply that knowledge to that understanding in the service of human welfare

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2
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Aka: physiological psychologists/ neuroscientists

Genes, brain chemistry, cell communication

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3
Q

Personality Psychologists

A

Study individuality and how people compare

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4
Q

Developmental Psychologists

A

Study changes to understand developmental cause and effects

e.g. How old a child must be

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5
Q

Quantitative Psychologists

A

Analyze research information

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6
Q

Clinical, counseling, community psychologists

A

Behavior disorders, mental health, homeless, advocate

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7
Q

Educational psychologists

A

Research and theories about teaching and learning

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8
Q

School Psychologists

A

Was: intelligence testing

Now: set up programs to improve achievement

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9
Q

Social Psychologists

A

Study if how people influence each other

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10
Q

Industrial and organizational psychologists

A

Study and address factors that affect efficiency

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11
Q

Health psychologists

A

Study effects of behavior on health and vice-virsa

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12
Q

Sports Psychologists

A

Keys to maximize performance

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13
Q

Forensic psychologists

A

Matters involving psychology and the law

e.g. Jury selection, ability to stand trial

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14
Q

Engineering psychologists

A

Aka: human factors psychologists

Study and improve human tech relatonship

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15
Q

Define: Empiricism

A

Minds are a blank slate, experiences write a lifelong story

“Tabula rasa”

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16
Q

Who are The Empiricists and when are they from?

A

John Locke, George Berkley, David Hume

1600’s

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17
Q

Birth of modern psychology

A

1879 (Wundt established 1st formal psych laboratory)

18
Q

Why is Wundt significant

A

He transformed psychology from a philosophy to a science of the mental processes

19
Q

What the the main approach of Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener

A

Introspection

20
Q

Who was Edward Titchener?

A

English student of Wundt who developed structuralism to define the building blocks of consciousness

21
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

1912

Mac Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa, Wolfgang Kohler

Phi phenomenon- conscious experience is not simply the sum of its parts

22
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Physician in Vienna, Austria

Late 1880’s

Believed in unconscious quarrel with instincts and society; formed psychoanalysis

23
Q

Environmental Psychologists

A

Study environment’s effect on human behavior

24
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

William Hames late 1870’s @ Harvard. Rejected structuralism and Wundt.

Focused on a stream of consciousness and began to measure individual differences and enter schools

25
Q

What two historical forms of psychology did Darwin influence?

A

Watson’s behaviorism and James’ functionalism

26
Q

When was Behaviorism dominate?

A

1920’s - 1960’s

27
Q

Behaviorism

A

John B. Watson

Concerned only with observable behavior

B.F. Skinner

Operant conditioning, functional analysis of behavior

28
Q

Biological Approach

A

Hormones, genes, and nervous system effects

29
Q

Evolutionary Approach

A

Assumes processes are direct evolutionary result and have clear evolutionary consequences

30
Q

Psychodynamic Approach

A

Rooted in Freud

Instincts vs. society

31
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

Only observable behavior

Train new responses

(Strict behaviorism is modernly criticized)

32
Q

Cognitive Approach

A

Behavior is affected by how we mentally take in and process information

Step by step process

33
Q

Humanistic Approach

A

Humans are essentially good

People want to reach full potential

Less influential, vague

34
Q

Women and Minorities

A

Women 67, 75

Minorities 16

35
Q

Diversity changing psychology

A

Humans were considered to be essentially alike, however not true

“Sociocultural factors”

36
Q

EMDR

A

Example,

Francine Shaparino 1987

37
Q

Operational definitions

A

Exact definitions for scientific research

38
Q

Statistical reliability vs. Statistical validity

A

Reliability= consistency

Validity= accuracy

39
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

How genes shape behavior

40
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Used to describe set if data

41
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

Procedures that help draw inferences

42
Q

Statistical significance

A

When inferential statistics reveal a correlation efficient with a distance greater than expected by chance

43
Q

IRB

A

Institutional review board

Psychology (13 decks)

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