Chapter 12 - Psychopathology Flashcards
What is considered abnormal behavior?
- deviant
- dysfunction
- personal distress
What are the psychopathy models?
A. Biological B. Psychodynamic C. Behavioral D. Cognitive E. Biopsychological F. Diathesis-Stress Model
What are the 3 Psychological Models of Abnormality?
A. Psychodynamic
B. Behavioral
C. Cognitive
What is the most comprehensive model?
Biopsychosocial
What does the Biopsychological model take into consideration?
- biological factors
- psychological processes
- sociocultural context
What are the steps in the Diathesis-Stress Model?
- Diathesis (predisposition) —>
- Stress —>
- Psychological Disorder
What percentage of people have disorders in their lifetime?
about 50%
What percentage of people have disorders in any given year?
about 25% - 30%
What psychological guide is used now?
DSM - 5 (Diagnostic & Statistical Manual…)
What are the new additions to the updated guide?
- new “Obsessive Compulsive”
- new “Neurodevelopmental Disorders” category
- new “trauma & stressor-related disorders
What are the other additions to the updated guide?
- no multiaxial & GAF
- change somatoform disorders —> somatic symptom & related
- split mood disorders —> depressive disorders and bipolar & related
What are the main categories of psychological disorders? (according to slides)
A. Anxiety Disorders B. Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders C. Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders D. Dissociative Disorders E. Depressive Disorders\ F. Bipolar & Related Disorders G. Schizophrenia Spectrum
What are the 5 anxiety disorders?
A. specific phobia B. Social Anxiety Disorder C. Panic Disorder D, Agoraphobia E. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (6+ months)
What is anxiety etiology?
temperment: neuroticism, inhibition
enviornmental: depends, abuse
somewhat genetic
What are the genetic anxiety components?
- serotonin
- glutamate
- GABA
Does observational learning play a role in anxiety?
yes
What are the 5 OC & Related D disorders?
A. OCD B. Body Dysmorphic Disorder C. Hoarding Disorder D. Trichotillomania (hair-pulling) E. Excoriation (skin-picking)
When do OC & related D become a disorder?
When it causes distress or dysfunction
What is the OC & D Etiology?
tempermental: neuroticism, behavioral inhibition
enviornmental: childhood abuse, trauma
Do genetics play any roll in OC & Related D
yes, somewhat
What are the 4 Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders?
A. Somatic Symptom Disorder
B. Illness Anxiety Disorder
C. Conversion Disorder
D. Factitious Disorder
What are the 3 Dissociative Disorders?
A. Dissociative Identity Disorder
B. Dissociative Amnesia
C. Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder
What is the Dissociate Disorder etiology?
- abuse
- trauma
What are the 4 Depressive Disorders?
A. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
B. Major Depressive Disorder
C. Persistent Depressive Disorder
D. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
What is the #1 reason people seek mental services?
depression
What is the biology of depression?
smaller frontal lobes - depression
fewer axons in bipolar
mania neurotransmitters
+ norepinephrine
depression neurotransmitters
- norepinephrine
- serotonin
Problematic Event Process
stable —> global —> internal —> depression
temporary —> specific —> external —> coping
Circle of Depresssion
- stressful experiences
- negative explanatory style
- depressed mood
- cognitie & behavioral changes
What are the 3 Bipolar and Related Disorders?
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymic Disorder
How to diagnose Bipolar I?
1 manic & 1 hypomania
What is a manic episode?
distinctly elevated (1 week)
What is a hypomania episode?
4 days of down behavior
How to diagnose cyclothymic disorder?
2 years (adults only)
How to diagnose schizophrenia?
2+
1 must be:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized thinking
- grossly disorganized motor
- negative symptoms
What are the schizophrenia brain problems?
- too many receptors (dopamine/ D4)
- poor firing
- thalmus fires
- brain and connections shrink
What is the Genetic Vulnerability Model?
disruption —> neurodamage —> vulnerability
What is the Antisocial Personality Diagnosis?
3+
- deceitfulness
- aggresiveness
- lack of remorse
- irritability
What are the 3 cluster types?
- Odd or eccentric
- dramatic or erratic
- anxious or fearful