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Biology > Chapter 15- Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Ecosystems

A

Groups of plants animals and environments

Eg desert, grassland etc.

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2
Q

Habitat

A

Area where plant/animal lives eg. Pond, rocky seashore, hedgerow

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3
Q

Three types of feeding relationships

A

Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

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4
Q

Producers

A

Produce food ie. Plants through photosynthesis

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5
Q

Consumers- definition and the three types

A

Eat plants and other animals

Herbivores, omnivores, carnivores

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6
Q

Decomposers

A

Eat dead plants and animals,

Release chemicals back into the environment eg. Wood life, bacteria, worms, viruses

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7
Q

Food chains

A

Show each level of things to be eaten

Eg.
Grass-> rabbit-> fox

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8
Q

Adaption definition plus examples

A

Changes to survive
Eg. Rabbits’ big ears-> to hear hunters
Fox’s red coats->to blend in
Butterflies’ long mouths -> to drink nectar

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9
Q

Competition

A

When two or more organisms require something in short supply

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10
Q

Food web

A

Many food chains combined

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11
Q

Interdependence

A

Everything depends on each other

Animals on plants eg, rabbit on grass
Plants on animals eg, bees for reproduction
Animals on animals eg. Foxes on rabbits

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12
Q

Conservation

A

Protection and wise management of natural resources

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13
Q

Pollution

A

Harmful unwanted addition to the environment

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14
Q

Waste management

A

Taking care of our waster

Reduce, reuse recycle

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15
Q

Pollution leads to

A 
Diseas
Poisoning
Damage to water soil quality
Dumps 
Loss of animals and plant life
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16
Q

Pooter

A

Tub with two straws (one end covered in gauze)

Sucks up organism

17
Q

Sweep net

A

Swept over long grass to collect organisms

18
Q

Beating tray

A

Placed under bush/tree, bush/tree shook to release organisms

19
Q

Pitfall trap

A

Insects fall in

20
Q

Quadrat

A

Used to estimate number of plants in a a habitat

21
Q

Line transect

A

String/rope/tape marked at intervals eg. Knot every meter

Helpful for verticle plants

22
Q

Zonation

A

Changes of organism form one habitat to another

23
Q

Examples of habitats being destroyed

A

-woodland cut down for timber
-bog land drained for farming
-grassland used for housing and factories
A lakes destroyed by pollution

24
Q

Why conserve?

A
  • to prevent extinction
  • to keep nature’s balance and biodiversity
  • plants give medicine
  • human survival and lifestyle at risk
25
Q

Acid rain

A

Sulfur and nitrogen oxides dissolved in rainwater

Burns tree leaves
Kills plants and fish
Dissolves marble limestone and metal

26
Q

Greenhouse gasses

A

Increasing levels of Co2

Warms earth-> floors, weather changes

27
Q

Less ozone

A

Cloroflourocarbons

Allows UV radiation in

28
Q

Smog

A

Particles arisen from burning

Harmful to lungs kills small plants

29
Q

Untreated sewage

A

Micro-organisms’ nutrient

Causes diseases and removes oxygen

30
Q

Excess slurry/silage leaks

A
  • provides nutrients for microorganisms

- removes oxygen

31
Q

Industrial waste

A

-poisonous é chemicals

Harmful to health

32
Q

Nuclear waste

A

radioactive material

Cause mutations and cancer

33
Q

Oil spills

A

Kills birds fish

Destroys beaches

34
Q

Poor water management

A

Micro organisms cause disease

  • poisonous é chemicals enter air, water and soil
  • nutrients use up oxygen, killing plants and animals in water
  • dumped waste is smelly, unsightly, attracts rats etc.
  • pollutes water
  • incineration produces poisonous gasses
35
Q

Positive effects of humans

A
  • reducing chlorofluorocarbons= the ozone layer forming again
  • fee on plastic bags- less litter
36
Q

Negative effects of humans

A

Burning fossil fuels-> increased heat-> flooding+extreme weather

Excess waste material

37
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the relationship between plants and animals and the environment

Biology (16 decks)

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