Chapter 15- Ecology

Question 1

Ecosystems

Answer 1

Groups of plants animals and environments

Eg desert, grassland etc.

Question 2

Habitat

Answer 2

Area where plant/animal lives eg. Pond, rocky seashore, hedgerow

Question 3

Three types of feeding relationships

Answer 3

Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

Question 4

Producers

Answer 4

Produce food ie. Plants through photosynthesis

Question 5

Consumers- definition and the three types

Answer 5

Eat plants and other animals

Herbivores, omnivores, carnivores

Question 6

Decomposers

Answer 6

Eat dead plants and animals,

Release chemicals back into the environment eg. Wood life, bacteria, worms, viruses

Question 7

Food chains

Answer 7

Show each level of things to be eaten

Eg.
Grass-> rabbit-> fox

Question 8

Adaption definition plus examples

Answer 8

Changes to survive
Eg. Rabbits’ big ears-> to hear hunters
Fox’s red coats->to blend in
Butterflies’ long mouths -> to drink nectar

Question 9

Competition

Answer 9

When two or more organisms require something in short supply

Question 10

Food web

Answer 10

Many food chains combined

Question 11

Interdependence

Answer 11

Everything depends on each other

Animals on plants eg, rabbit on grass
Plants on animals eg, bees for reproduction
Animals on animals eg. Foxes on rabbits

Question 12

Conservation

Answer 12

Protection and wise management of natural resources

Question 13

Pollution

Answer 13

Harmful unwanted addition to the environment

Question 14

Waste management

Answer 14

Taking care of our waster

Reduce, reuse recycle

Question 15

Pollution leads to

Answer 15

Diseas
Poisoning
Damage to water soil quality
Dumps 
Loss of animals and plant life

Question 16

Pooter

Answer 16

Tub with two straws (one end covered in gauze)

Sucks up organism

Question 17

Sweep net

Answer 17

Swept over long grass to collect organisms

Question 18

Beating tray

Answer 18

Placed under bush/tree, bush/tree shook to release organisms

Question 19

Pitfall trap

Answer 19

Insects fall in

Question 20

Quadrat

Answer 20

Used to estimate number of plants in a a habitat

Question 21

Line transect

Answer 21

String/rope/tape marked at intervals eg. Knot every meter

Helpful for verticle plants

Question 22

Zonation

Answer 22

Changes of organism form one habitat to another

Question 23

Examples of habitats being destroyed

Answer 23

-woodland cut down for timber
-bog land drained for farming
-grassland used for housing and factories
A lakes destroyed by pollution

Question 24

Why conserve?

Answer 24

• to prevent extinction
• to keep nature’s balance and biodiversity
• plants give medicine
• human survival and lifestyle at risk

Question 25

Acid rain

Answer 25

Sulfur and nitrogen oxides dissolved in rainwater

Burns tree leaves
Kills plants and fish
Dissolves marble limestone and metal

Question 26

Greenhouse gasses

Answer 26

Increasing levels of Co2

Warms earth-> floors, weather changes

Question 27

Less ozone

Answer 27

Cloroflourocarbons

Allows UV radiation in

Question 28

Smog

Answer 28

Particles arisen from burning

Harmful to lungs kills small plants

Question 29

Untreated sewage

Answer 29

Micro-organisms’ nutrient

Causes diseases and removes oxygen

Question 30

Excess slurry/silage leaks

Answer 30

• provides nutrients for microorganisms

- removes oxygen

Question 31

Industrial waste

Answer 31

-poisonous é chemicals

Harmful to health

Question 32

Nuclear waste

Answer 32

radioactive material

Cause mutations and cancer

Question 33

Oil spills

Answer 33

Kills birds fish

Destroys beaches

Question 34

Poor water management

Answer 34

Micro organisms cause disease

• poisonous é chemicals enter air, water and soil
• nutrients use up oxygen, killing plants and animals in water
• dumped waste is smelly, unsightly, attracts rats etc.
• pollutes water
• incineration produces poisonous gasses

Question 35

Positive effects of humans

Answer 35

• reducing chlorofluorocarbons= the ozone layer forming again
• fee on plastic bags- less litter

Question 36

Negative effects of humans

Answer 36

Burning fossil fuels-> increased heat-> flooding+extreme weather

Excess waste material

Question 37

Ecology

Answer 37

The study of the relationship between plants and animals and the environment