Chapter 15: Approach Flashcards
What is the difference between a prec and non-prec approach? What is an approach with vertical guidance (APV)?
Approach based on a navigation system that provides course and glidepath info to precision standards. Non-prec approach provides course but no glidepath info. APV is an approach based on a navigation system that is not required to meet prec standards but has course and glidepath info.
Can we do practice approaches under VFR?
If approved by MAJCOM, keep VFR cloud clearances, use terminal radar services when available, make position reports, receive ATC approval to fly published missed
What is needed to descend below DA, DH or MDA?
Sufficient visual ref with runway environment, safe position to land
How far can you continue using approach light as a reference?
100’ above threshold elev or TDZE without runway red termination or side row bars visible
When cleared an approach maintain last assigned altitude until when?
Until established on a published segment of the instrument procedure
Approach clearances cancel what?
Any previous speed adjustments. Shouldn’t get any speed adjustments inside the FAF or 5 mi from rwy and always can say no if going to break min safe airspeed
What airspeed max should Cat E fly per ICAO? On final?
250 KIAS; 230 KIAS
What does the approach name tell you (ILS 26)?
NAVAID required for FINAL approach segment and runway procedure is for
What does it mean if you see an ILS 17 X and ILS 17 Y (alphabet letters starting from end of alphabet)?
Same final but have different arrival guidance to get to final or different missed approach guidance or are approaches with different NAVAIDs of same type
What does it mean if you see a letter from the start of the alphabet after an approach name (VOR A)?
Circling only approach (mins only for circling)
What does a “/” in the approach name mean (LOC/DME)?
More than one type of equipment needed for final approach portion.
Where can you see what other nav equipment is needed outside final approach?
Notes (DME REQUIRED or RADAR REQUIRED for example
Where can you find radar approach mins?
As its own approach table with its own mins for ASR/PAR (if available)
What is some good info for an approach plate briefing?
- final approach course
- runway
- airfield data
- restrictions
- approach lighting
- missed approach text
- radio freq (please don’t)
When do you see concentric rings on the plan view (bird’s eye view) on the plate?
When it’s not to scale. They’ll show a 10 NM (20 NM high charts) ring
What does a dot on the lighting type mean (circle surrounds A5 with a tiny dot on that circle)
Sequenced flashers
Where can you find the Trouble T information?
Not on the plate, look it up in Foreflight–>Procedures–> Departure
How is Trouble T airport info organized?
Alphabetically by town name if civilian. Alphabetically by base name if military.
What plates do you see an Emergency Sector Altitude (MSA) on the plan view? What clearance does it provide?
US military procedures. 1000’ of obstacle clearance (2000’ over mountainous terrain) within 100 NM facility/fix
What altitude clearance does the minimum sector altitude (MSA) provide? Do they guarantee NAVAID reception?
1000’ obstacle clearance within 25 NM (2000’ mountainous). No they do not.
What is a VDA? TCH?
Vert descent angle calc for 3 deg constant descent rate on final.
TCH is threshold crossing height and is where VDA crossed above threshold. Usually 30-50’.
What is the field elevation? TDZE?
Highest point on any usable surface.
Touchdown zone elevation. Highest point in first 3000’ of runway.
How much can a final approach be off the runway and still be considered a straight in?
30 deg
What altitude can you descend to once cross IAF outbound? Inbound?
No lower than minimum crossing altitude for that segment. Next altitude once inbound and established on inbound track
What is considered established (on track)?
- Within half full scale deflection (1 dot)
- Within full scale deflection for LOC/ILS (NAS only) (CDI off the wall)
What is a shuttle and associated rules?
It’s a climb or descent in a holding pattern often in an approach.
NAS only: climb in hold can be up to 310 kts max unless a max holding airspeed is published
What are the course reversal procedures?
- procedure turn
- racetrack (HILPT NAS)
How many degrees from the outbound track must you be to be conveniently aligned to enter the full procedure for a reversal?
30 deg for ICAO
What bank angle should you use in a full procedure?
25 deg AOB or 3 deg/s std rate, whichever is less
What are max airspeeds for course reversal/racetrack procedures (ICAO)?
Initial approach: 185-250 KIAS
Final approach: 155-230 KIAS
What airspeeds should procedure turns be flown at (this is why we’ll never do them, vectors only please)?
200 KIAS or less to ensure remain within protected airspace
When can you descend to next altitude for when on final in bound?
When inbound and established (within one dot for TAC, case break ILS/LOC)
When can you descend to procedure turn altitude?
Outbound and abeam
For HILPT (holding in lieu of procedure turn), how should it be flown?
Think the high pen with a holding turn in bold.
Maneuver on maneuvering side of the inbound track. Do not turn direct to the facility without first intercepting the inbound track for a parallel entry. Limit time on a teardrop track to 1:30 tops.
For HILPT, how does timing work?
Outbound timing: abeam facility or when outbound, whichever occurs last
When do you not need to execute a procedure turn?
SNERT "St-in approved" - ATC NoPT written on procedure Established on inbound course (holding for example) and cleared the approach Radar vectors Timed approach
Do stepdown altitudes apply to precision approaches?
No.
When can you descend on a non-DME teardrop high altitude approach?
Outbound, parallel or intercept heading, flyoffs met
What are the flyoffs for a non-DME teardrop high altitude approach?
15 sec outbound for every 1000’ below IAF altitude
What descent gradient should be used on non-DME teardrop high altitude approaches and why?
8-10 deg (800 to 1000’/NM) to help stay in protected airspace
What should you do if you arrive at IAF above IAF altitude for non-DME teardrop high altitude approach?
Descend to IAF altitude prior to commencing the approach. Can request maneuvering airspace from ATC if needed.
When a pen. turn altitude is not published for high altitude approach non-DME teardrop what should you descend to?
Start turn inbound after descending to an altitude halfway between IAF and FAF altitudes
What is a visual approach?
A VMC procedure executed under IFR. It is not clearance for initial or a VFR traffic pattern, but for a straight-in.
If instructed to follow another aircraft on the visual, what is happening before call “visual” with the preceding aircraft?
ATC must ensure aircraft separation and wake turbulence separation criteria. Once call visual and then cleared the visual, must maintain own separation and wake turbulence separation.
When flying the visual, what do you fly if you do a go-around?
Not cleared to fly the missed approach. Must stay clear of clouds and contact ATC for follow-on vectors.
What is required to get approval for the visual?
Must have preceding aircraft in sight or airfield in sight, reported weather >1000/3 (NAS)
(ICAO). Must have weather at or above IAF altitude or aircrew must report that meteorological conditions good enough such that approach and landing can be conducted
When may a contact approach be requested?
When flying to a field with a published instrument approach procedure, requested by the aircrew (NOT ATC directed), 1 NM flight visibility, clear of clouds
Not a clearance for an overhead/VFR traffic pattern
