Chapter 15 And 16 Vocab

Question 1

change in a kind of organism over time; modern organisms descended from ancient organisms

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

explanation that was tested many times and unifies a broad range of observations

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

remains or evidence of an ancient organism that are kept safe

Answer 3

Fossil

Question 4

humans select organisms for breeding of useful traits from natural diversity in organisms

Answer 4

Artificial selection

Question 5

competition among members of a species for food, shelter, and other needs for life

Answer 5

Struggle for existence

Question 6

ability of an organism to reproduce and survive in its environment

Answer 6

Fitness

Question 7

characteristic that is inherited and increases an organism’s chance of survival

Answer 7

Adaptation

Question 8

process where individuals that are better suited for the environment survive and reproduce most successfully, “natural selection”

Answer 8

Survival of the fittest

Question 9

process where individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully “survival of the fittest”

Answer 9

Natural selection

Question 10

principle stating that each living species has come from other species with changes over time

Answer 10

Descent with modification

Question 11

principle stating all living things have a common ancestor

Answer 11

Common descent

Question 12

structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues but have different mature forms

Answer 12

Homologous structures

Question 13

organ that has no useful function in an organism

Answer 13

Vestigial structure

Question 14

genetic information of all the members in a certain population combined

Answer 14

Gene pool

Question 15

number of times an alleles appear in a gene pool compared to that of other alleles

Answer 15

Relative frequency

Question 16

trait controlled by a single gene

Answer 16

Single-Gene trait

Question 17

trait controlled by two or more genes

Answer 17

Polygenic trait

Question 18

natural selection where the entire curve moves, happens when individuals at one end have better fitness than those of the middle or other end

Answer 18

Directional selection

Question 19

form of natural selection where the center of the curve remains in the same position, happens when individuals near the center of the distribution curve have more fitness than those at either end

Answer 19

Stabilizing selection

Question 20

natural selection where a single curve splits in two; happens when individuals at the upper and lower end of a distribution curve have better fitness than those in the middle

Answer 20

Disruptive selection

Question 21

random change in allele frequencies in small populations

Answer 21

Genetic drift

Question 22

change in allele frequencies due to migration of small part of population

Answer 22

Founder effect

Question 23

principle that allele frequencies in a population will stay the same unless one or more factors change the frequencies

Answer 23

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Question 24

allele frequencies remain constant

Answer 24

Genetic equilibrium

Question 25

formation of a new species

Answer 25

Speciation

Question 26

separating species so they can’t interbreed and make fertile offspring

Answer 26

Reproductive isolation

Question 27

reproductive isolation where two populations have differences in types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding

Answer 27

Behavioral isolation

Question 28

reproductive isolation where two populations are physically separated by rivers, mountains(geographic features)

Answer 28

Geographic isolation

Question 29

reproductive isolation when two populations reproduce at different times

Answer 29

Temporal isolation