Chapter 11 Vocab Flashcards
male and female reproductive cells join and form a new cell during sexual reproduction
Fertilization
organisms produce offspring that is identical to themselves if able to self-pollinate
True-breeding(self pollination, purebred)
certain characteristic that differs from each individual
Visible
Trait
offering produced when parents that have different traits cross
Hybrid
sequence of DNA that codes for a trait
Factors that control traits
Gene
one form of many different forms of a gene
Different forms of a gene
Allele
alleles separate during the formation of gametes
Segregation
cell involved in sexual reproduction
Gamete
how likely a particular event is to occur
Probability
chart that shows gene combinations that could possibly result from a genetic cross
Punnett square
organism that has the same two alleles for the same trait
Both alleles are the same
Homozygous
organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
Two alleles are different
Heterozygous
physical characteristics of an organism
Phenotype
genetic make up of an organism
Genotype
genes separate independently during the formation of gametes
Independent assortment
one allele is not dominant over another (3 possibilities, and it makes a mixed color) 4 o'clock Hair texture Squash
Incomplete dominance
both alleles in a gene have input towards an organism’s phenotype
(Black and white speckled chicken) ernemite chicken
AB blood type
Co-dominance
when there are three or more alleles for the same gene
3 or more forms of a gene
Brown, blonde, red
Multiple alleles
trait that is controlled by at least 2 genes
Interaction of several genes
Shades of eye color, hair color
Polygenic
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome opposite gender parent
Homologous
a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Diploid
cell that only contains a single set of chromosomes and genes
Haploid
process where the number of chromosomes is cut in half by separating homologous chromosomes in diploid cells
Meiosis
structure that has 4 chromatids during meiosis
Tetrad
process where homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Crossing over
diagram that shows the relative location of each known gene on a certain chromosome
Gene map
Study of heredity
Genetics
