Chapter 11 Vocab

Question 1

male and female reproductive cells join and form a new cell during sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Fertilization

Question 2

organisms produce offspring that is identical to themselves if able to self-pollinate

Answer 2

True-breeding(self pollination, purebred)

Question 3

certain characteristic that differs from each individual

Visible

Answer 3

Trait

Question 4

offering produced when parents that have different traits cross

Answer 4

Hybrid

Question 5

sequence of DNA that codes for a trait

Factors that control traits

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

one form of many different forms of a gene

Different forms of a gene

Answer 6

Allele

Question 7

alleles separate during the formation of gametes

Answer 7

Segregation

Question 8

cell involved in sexual reproduction

Answer 8

Gamete

Question 9

how likely a particular event is to occur

Answer 9

Probability

Question 10

chart that shows gene combinations that could possibly result from a genetic cross

Answer 10

Punnett square

Question 11

organism that has the same two alleles for the same trait

Both alleles are the same

Answer 11

Homozygous

Question 12

organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

Two alleles are different

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

physical characteristics of an organism

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

genetic make up of an organism

Answer 14

Genotype

Question 15

genes separate independently during the formation of gametes

Answer 15

Independent assortment

Question 16

one allele is not dominant over another
(3 possibilities, and it makes a mixed color)
4 o'clock 
Hair texture 
Squash

Answer 16

Incomplete dominance

Question 17

both alleles in a gene have input towards an organism’s phenotype
(Black and white speckled chicken) ernemite chicken
AB blood type

Answer 17

Co-dominance

Question 18

when there are three or more alleles for the same gene
3 or more forms of a gene
Brown, blonde, red

Answer 18

Multiple alleles

Question 19

trait that is controlled by at least 2 genes
Interaction of several genes
Shades of eye color, hair color

Answer 19

Polygenic

Question 20

chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome opposite gender parent

Answer 20

Homologous

Question 21

a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Answer 21

Diploid

Question 22

cell that only contains a single set of chromosomes and genes

Answer 22

Haploid

Question 23

process where the number of chromosomes is cut in half by separating homologous chromosomes in diploid cells

Answer 23

Meiosis

Question 24

structure that has 4 chromatids during meiosis

Answer 24

Tetrad

Question 25

process where homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Answer 25

Crossing over

Question 26

diagram that shows the relative location of each known gene on a certain chromosome

Answer 26

Gene map

Question 27

Study of heredity

Answer 27

Genetics