Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 1

virus that infects bacteria

Answer 1

Bacteriophage

Question 2

monomer of nuclei can acids, made up of 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

principle that states that DNA bonds can only form between adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine

Answer 3

Base pairing

Question 4

visible in nucleus, DNA coiled around proteins

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

globular protein that has DNA coiled around it

Answer 5

Histone

Question 6

cell duplicates its DNA

Answer 6

Replication

Question 7

enzyme which proofreads new strands of DNA, helping make sure the copy is nearly identical to the original

Answer 7

DNA polymerase

Question 8

DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait

Answer 8

Gene

Question 9

molecule of RNA that carries copies of instructions to make amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

type of RNA that makes up most of the ribosome

Answer 10

Ribosomal RNA

Question 11

type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Answer 11

tRNA

Question 12

part of nucleotide order of DNA is copied into complementary order in RNA

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

enzyme like DNA polymerase that connects to DNA and separates the strands during transcription

Answer 13

RNA polymerase

Question 14

part of DNA that tells the enzyme where to bind to make RNA

Answer 14

Promoter

Question 15

does not code for a trait, intervening sequence of DNA

Answer 15

Intron

Question 16

codes for a protein, sequence of DNA that is expressed

Answer 16

Exon

Question 17

3-nucleotide sequence on RNA that codes for one amino acid

Answer 17

Codon

Question 18

decoding of mRNA message to polypeptide chain

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

three bases grouped together on a tRNA that complement mRNA codon

Answer 19

Anticodon

Question 20

change in the sequence of DNA that affects genetic information

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

mutation that affects one nucleotide, by substituting one for another

Answer 21

Point mutation

Question 22

mutation that shifts the reading frame, inserts or deletes a nucleotide

Answer 22

Frameshift mutation

Question 23

organism has an extra set of chromosomes

Answer 23

Polyploidy

Question 24

group of genes working together

Answer 24

Operon

Question 25

in an operon, the region of chromosome where the depressor binds and the operon is “turned off”

Answer 25

Operator

Question 26

process when cells become specialized in structure and function

Answer 26

Differentiation

Question 27

genes that control the organs and tissues that grow in an embryo

Answer 27

Hox genes

Question 28

one strain of bacteria is changed by genes form another bacteria

Answer 28

Transformation