Cell Part One

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow
All living things are made of cells
All cells come from other cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for living things

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

“Brain” of cell

Control center, directs functions

Question 3

Eukaryote

Answer 3

Has nucleus
Large with compartments
Specialized organelles
Fungus, plant, protist, animal

Question 4

Prokaryote

Answer 4

No nucleus
Small lacks compartments
Lacks special organelles
Some internal membranes
Kingdom Monera Bacteria

Question 5

Organelle

Answer 5

Tiny structure “little organ” with a specialized function

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

“Jelly-like” fluid between the cell membrane and nucleus where organelles are located
Contain microtubules and microfilaments for movement and support
Most of cell activities occur

Question 7

Nuclear envelope

Answer 7

2 layered membrane around nucleus

Has nuclear pores that regulate the entrance and exit of materials

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

Mass of genetic material(DNA and protein)
Chromosomes are condensed chromatin
DNA wrapped tightly around protein

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Threadlike structure in nucleus that has genetic information that is passed on from one cell generation to the next
Condensed chromatin

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

One or more in nucleus
Contain RNA and protein
Makes ribosomes

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

Free particles in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER
Site of protein synthesis(make proteins)
Made of RNA and protein

Question 12

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 12

Tubelike network connected to the nucleus
Transports proteins and assembles
Rough-attached ribosomes, makes proteins that are exported
Smooth-no ribosomes
Makes lipids
Detoxifies

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

Manufacture, modify, warehouses, collects and sorts, packages and distributes molecules
Esp. Proteins for storage or secretion
Molecules come from ER
Make lysosomes

Question 14

Lysosome

Answer 14

“Suicide sac”
Digest proteins lipids and carbs into small particles
Have digestive enzymes that kill bacteria and invaders use leftover pieces of other molecules
Recycles cell parts
Made by Golgi body
Serious diseases

Question 15

Vacuole

Answer 15

Vesicles
Stores water, food, and minerals
Contractile vacuoles pump out excess water and maintain homeostasis
Maintain central pressure in plants
Makes possible for plant to support stem leaves and flowers

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

"Powerhouse" "power pickle"
Makes energy
2 membranes
Inner membrane folds called cristae 
Cristae creates larger surface area and more power
From moms egg
 Own DNA 
Endosymbiotic theory-prokaryote with eukaryotes mutualism and e engulfs p

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

Site of photosynthesis 
Green
Contain chlorophyll
Thylakoids stack to form grana to trap sunlight
Own DNA 
E. Relationship from Cyanobacteria

Question 18

Cytoskeleton

Answer 18

"Framework"
Structure and support
Helps move cell or organelles
Microtubules are hollow and made of tubulin
Centrioles
Flagella
Cilia
Microfilaments-threadlike made of actin and help cell move

Question 19

Centriole

Answer 19

Move chromosomes during cell division
“Stacked tubes”
Only in animal cells
Made of protein

Question 20

Cell

Answer 20

Varies in size, shape and function
Shapes related to function
All cells have cell membrane and DNA
Uni-amoeba and Protozoa
Multi-dog, horse, rabbit, dolphin
Eukaryotic-nucleus, large, fungus, plant, animal, protists
Prokaryotic-no nucleus, small, some membrane
Female egg human, ostrich egg living, longest nerve