Chapter 13 and 14 Vocab

Question 1

breeding that crosses dissimilar individuals to bring the best traits of each organism together

Answer 1

Hybridization

Question 2

individuals that have similar characteristics that are continuously bred

Answer 2

Inbreeding

Question 3

process where changes are made in DNA of living organisms

Answer 3

Genetic engineering

Question 4

enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Answer 4

Restriction enzyme

Question 5

procedure that separates and analyzes parts of DNA through the placement of DNA pieces at one end of a porous gel and putting an electrical voltage to the gel

Answer 5

Gel electrophoresis

Question 6

combining DNA from different sources produces this

Answer 6

Recombinant DNA

Question 7

technique allowing biologists to make copies of certain genes

Answer 7

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 8

found in bacteria, circular DNA molecule

Answer 8

Plasmid

Question 9

Gene that makes distinguishing bacteria that carries a plasmid with foreign DNA to those that do not, possible

Answer 9

Generic marker

Question 10

refers to an organism that has genes from another organism

Answer 10

Transgenic

Question 11

part of a group of cells that are genetically identical, and produced by a single cell

Answer 11

Clone

Question 12

photographs of chromosomes that are grouped in order in pairs

Answer 12

Karyotype

Question 13

1 of 2 chromosomes that determines an individual’s gender, females have 2 X’s, males an X and Y

Answer 13

Sex chromosomes

Question 14

chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Answer 14

Autosome

Question 15

relationships in a family are shown through a chart

Answer 15

Pedigree

Question 16

Gene that is positioned on the X or Y chromosome

Answer 16

Sex-linked gene

Question 17

meiosis error in which homologous chromosomes don’t separate

Answer 17

No disjunction

Question 18

the analysis of sections of DNA function a little bit or not at all, and their function varies widely to be able to tell individuals apart

Answer 18

DNA fingerprinting

Question 19

method where breeding of organisms with desired characteristics are bred to improve the species

Answer 19

Selective breeding