Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 377 > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Temporal lobe includes the

A

neocortex, limbic cortex, and olfactory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subcortical structures of the temporal lobe include the

A

amygdala and hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Temporal lobe is connected to

A

other regions throughout the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rough subdivisions of the lateral surface include

A

auditory areas and areas associated with the ventral visual stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Olfactory (pyriform) cortex is found on the

A

medial surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Temporal–parietal junction is involved in

A

attention, memory, and decision making in a social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deep sulci increase the

A

surface area of the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Insula, deep within the Sylvian (lateral) fissure, includes the

A

gustatory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Superior temporal sulcus contains

A

multimodal association areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sensory systems project to the

A

temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Output from the temporal lobe goes to the

A

frontal and parietal lobes as well as the limbic system and basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hierarchical visual and auditory pathways used for

A

object recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dorsal auditory pathway directs

A

movements in response to auditory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Polymodal visual and auditory pathway supports

A

object categorization in the superior temporal sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Visual and auditory information projects to the

A

medial temporal lobe to support long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathways to the frontal lobe are important for

A

motor control and short-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Olfactory bulb projections to the pyriform cortex are important for

A

odor perception and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ventral stream was initially understood as a

A

visual pathway, but newer research suggests there are at least six components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Projections from occipitotemporal pathway project to

A

striatum to support skill learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathway from inferotemporal cortex to amygdala supports the

A

processing of emotional stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pathway from inferotemporal cortex to ventral striatum provides information about

A

stimulus valence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Multiple pathways from area TE project to the medial temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; are involved in

A

long-term memory, object–reward pairings, and working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Temporal lobe analyzes sensory information as it enters the nervous system (4)

A

Processes auditory input
Recognizes visual objects
Stores long-term memories
Processes olfactory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

temporal lobe quickly

A

categorizing objects is important for accurate perception and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Damage to temporal lobe results in deficits in

A

identifying and categorizing stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cross-modal matching enables the integration of

A

visual and auditory information and likely involves the superior temporal sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Olfactory information is processed in the

A

temporal lobe and added to perception of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Sensory input is combined and stored by the

A

structures of the medial temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The affective response is the

A

subjective feeling about the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Affective response involves the

A

amygdala in the medial temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Associates the stimulus with positive

A

neutral, or negative consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Following damage to the amygdala, animals do not have an

A

emotional response to threatening stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hippocampus contains place cells to encode

A

location in space and support navigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Superior Temporal Sulcus

A

detects biological motion, which is movement of relevance to the species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Understanding the intentions of others is an important part of

A

social cognition, which depends on multimodal integration in the STS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Body motion, facial movements, and voice cues enable us to

A

recognize people from a safe distance and enable us to infer the intentions of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cells in STS are sensitive to

A

mouth movements and vocal characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Other cells are responsive to

A

body motion in a particular direction or to particular facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When studying brain activity associated with complex visual scenes from movies, multiple subjects showed similar patterns of activity in

A

auditory and visual regions of the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Different types of scenes from the movie, such as close-ups of faces versus landscape scenes, activated

A

different parts of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Within the frontal and parietal lobes, there was little

A

similarity in patterns of brain activity between subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cells in different regions of the temporal lobe learn to

A

to respond to different categories of stimuli based on experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Activity in TE depends on

A

complex combinations of features, including orientation, size, color, and texture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Objects activate different combinations of cells based on the

A

overall features they possess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The similar pattern of overall activity, despite small changes in the individual objects, may be the basis for

A

categorization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Experience and training alter

A

the response patterns of TE neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Neurons in the temporal lobe form

A

cortical columns that respond to categories and shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

In monkeys, some cells in the temporal lobe respond selectively to

A

facial identity, and others respond selectively to facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Recognition of pictures is impaired if they are presented

A

inverted, but the recognition of faces shows greater impairment, suggesting there is a selective ability to recognize upright faces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

There are specific cortical regions within the occipital and temporal lobes involved in

A

recognizing upright faces

51
Q

Lesions to the right temporal lobe have a greater impact on the ability to process

A

faces than do lesions to the left temporal lobe

52
Q

Multiple tonotopic maps exist in the

A

temporal lobe, but the nature and function of these maps is not well understood

53
Q

Speech sounds are largely restricted to specific

A

ranges of frequency, known as formants

54
Q

Vowels tend to have a constant

A

frequency

55
Q

Consonants tend to change

A

frequency rapidly

56
Q

The spectrogram of the speech sounds varies depending on the context, but

A

the sounds are still perceived as the same by the listener

57
Q

Speech sounds change very rapidly but are

A

are still perceived without difficulty

58
Q

Nonlinguistic sounds are perceived as a

A

a buzz if presented above five segments per second

59
Q

Typical speech occurs at

A

8–10 segments per second

60
Q

Maximum comprehensible speech is about

A

30 segments per second

61
Q

Perceived speech is processed in

A

in parallel pathways to extract meaning and to plan articulatory movements

62
Q

Syntax is the

A

rules of grammar, and semantics refers to the meaning of words

63
Q

Language can be any form of

A

information exchange, including written language, Braille, and sign language

64
Q

Receptive language is

A

taking in and comprehending information

65
Q

Expressive language

A

the ability to produce language

66
Q

While language is based on individual sound elements, music perception requires

A

the interaction of multiple elements and the relationship between them

67
Q

Loudness is

A

subjective magnitude of the sound

68
Q

Timbre refers to the

A

distinct qualities or complexities of the sound

69
Q

Pitch describes the

A

subjective position of the sound on the musical scale and is related to frequency

70
Q

The fundamental frequency is the

A

lowest frequency of a note

71
Q

Overtones are

A

higher frequencies included in the sound, and are generally multiples of the fundamental frequency

72
Q

Even when the fundamental frequency is filtered out, the auditory system can still

A

identify it based on the overtones

73
Q

Rhythm (timing) is important for

A

music perception, including the duration of the individual tones and the temporal regularity of the music (meter)

74
Q

Left temporal lobe is predominant for

A

temporal grouping for rhythm

75
Q

Right temporal lobe is predominant for

A

perceiving meter

76
Q

Experience can change how

A

music is represented in the brain

77
Q

The brains of musicians are more

A

responsive to musical information

78
Q

The brains of musicians have a greater volume of

A

of gray matter in Heschl’s gyrus

79
Q

Increases in gray matter are correlated with

A

musical ability

80
Q

There are music-related structural differences in brain regions outside the temporal lobe, including in

A

Broca’s area of the frontal lobe

81
Q

Areas associated with the language network are also active during

A

musical tasks

82
Q

The posterior portion of the pyriform cortex is contained within the

A

temporal lobe

83
Q

Most olfactory studies have been conducted in

A

rodents

84
Q

Posterior pyriform cortex connects with the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices and the amygdala,

A

connecting olfactory sensations to memory and emotion

85
Q

Extensive connections between entorhinal cortex and medial temporal lobe structures support

A

memory

86
Q

Synchronous activity in the hippocampus and multiple cortical regions seems to be important for the

A

convergences of the networks

87
Q

Temporal-lobe language networks involve the

A

left inferior temporal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, left thalamus, and left posterior temporal cortex

88
Q

Face perception involves the

A

inferior occipital cortex and the fusiform gyrus

89
Q

Damage to primary auditory cortex impairs the ability to

A

discriminate rapidly presented and complex patterns of stimuli

90
Q

Patients with temporal lobe damage have difficulty discriminating

A

speech, reporting that people are talking too quickly

91
Q

Control subjects can identify which of two sounds comes first when they are separated by

A

50–60 milliseconds

92
Q

Patients with temporal-lobe damage need up to

A

500 milliseconds between sounds to correctly identify which occurred first

93
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s area produces

A

aphasia

94
Q

Patients with damage to the right temporal lobe are impaired discriminating between sounds of

A

different pitch

95
Q

Difficulty discriminating between rhythms is associated with damage to the

A

right posterior superior temporal gyrus

96
Q

Difficulty discriminating between musical pieces with different meters is associated with damage to the

A

anterior temporal lobe on either side

97
Q

About 4% of the population has congenital amusica, meaning

A

meaning they are tone deaf, and this cannot be remedied by music training

98
Q

Patients with damage to the right temporal lobe can describe a visual scene accurately, but they fail to

A

notice things that are out of place, such as an oil painting in a monkey’s cage

99
Q

Patients with damage to the right temporal lobe are impaired at discriminating

A

complex patterns

100
Q

Patients with damage to the right temporal lobe fail to perceive or understand

A

subtle social cues

101
Q

When multiple stimuli are presented simultaneously, the brain determines which stimulus to

A

attend to

102
Q

For auditory stimuli, attention can be focused on the

A

left or the right ear

103
Q

For visual stimuli, attention can be focused on the

A

left or the right visual field

104
Q

Patients with temporal-lobe damage are impaired shifting

A

attention from one stimulus to another

105
Q

Damage to the right temporal lobe results in

A

bilateral deficits in attention shifting

106
Q

Damage to the left temporal lobe results in

A

unilateral deficits in attention shifting

107
Q

Damage to the left temporal lobe results in impairments in

A

categorization

108
Q

Temporal-lobe seizures are often associated with

A

olfactory auras

109
Q

Temporal-lobe epilepsy and surgical damage to the temporal lobe to prevent seizures result in

A

impaired perception of odors and memory for odors

110
Q

Context is important to understanding the

A

meaning of a stimulus

111
Q

Similarly, context can be important for identifying a

A

person, and, if you see them in a different context, you may not recognize them

112
Q

Damage to the right temporal cortex impairs the ability of people to

A

interpret information from context

113
Q

Removal of the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and adjacent cortex, resulted in

A

anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories

114
Q

Damage to the inferotemporal cortex interferes with

A

conscious recall of information, and greater damage is associated with greater impairment

115
Q

Damage to the left hemisphere of inferotemporal cortex results in

A

impairments for verbal material

116
Q

Damage to the right hemisphere
of inferotemporal cortex results in

A

impairments for nonverbal material

117
Q

Stimulation of medial temporal cortex produces feelings of

A

fear

118
Q

Temporal-lobe epilepsy is associated with

A

personality changes that emphasize trivia and details in daily life

119
Q

Personality changes occur after damage to either lobe, but are more common after damage to the

A

right hemisphere

120
Q

Bilateral damage to the amygdala results in

A

increased sexual behaviors

121
Q

Dichotic listening and Visual Object and Space Perception Battery assess

A

auditory and visual processing

122
Q

Weschler Memory Scale assess

A

general verbal memory using multiple subtests

123
Q

Rey Complex Figure Test evaluates

A

nonverbal memory by asking subjects to remember to reproduce a complex figure

124
Q

Token Test assesses

A

language comprehension, but cannot narrow down the region of deficit within the left hemisphere

Psych 377 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions