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chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Occipital lobe is

A

posterior within the brain, and its major function is vision

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2
Q

Occipital lobe contains many distinct

A

visual areas

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3
Q

visual areas extend into the

A

temporal and parietal lobes

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4
Q

Primary visual cortex (V1) surrounds the

A

calcarine sulcus and contains distinct layers and sublayers

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5
Q

Within V1, “blobs”

A

process color information

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6
Q

the cells between the blobs process

A

form and motion

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7
Q

Thin stripes are involved in

A

color perception

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8
Q

Thick stripes process

A

form information

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9
Q

Pale stripes are involved in

A

motion perception

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10
Q

Color perception enhances our ability to

A

detect form and motion

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11
Q

Visual processing starts in

A

V1 and projects to all major visual areas

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12
Q

V2 is the

A

secondary processing location, and it also projects onward to major visual areas

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13
Q

V1 projects through V2 projects to

A

Dorsal stream, Ventral stream, STS stream

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14
Q

STS stream

A

object perception and motion perception

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15
Q

Ventral stream

A

object perception and motion perception

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16
Q

Dorsal stream

A

visual guidance of movement

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17
Q

V1 and V2 seem to be heterogeneous general areas processing

A

all types of visual information

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18
Q

Higher visual areas are more

A

specialized but can still integrate information from multiple aspects of vision

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19
Q

V3

A

processes dynamic form, or the shapes of objects in motion

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20
Q

V4

A

predominantly processes color information

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21
Q

V5

A

involved in motion processing; also known as MT

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22
Q

Damage to these higher visual areas results in

A

deficits specific to the functions of those areas

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23
Q

People with damage to V1 report being

A

blind, but smaller projections from subcortical areas to higher visual areas provide some limited vision

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24
Q

visual ventral pathway contains two parts,

A

one on the lateral surface and the other on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe

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25
Q

Visual streams project to many higher visual areas throughout the

A

temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes, and these areas seem to have specific functions, although they interact

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26
Q

The lateral ventral pathway may be related to

A

language and tool use, so may be unique to humans

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27
Q

Lateral occipital region

A

object analysis

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28
Q

fusiform face area

A

face analysis

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29
Q

Extrastriate body area

A

body analysis

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30
Q

fusiform body area

A

body analysis

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31
Q

superior temporal sulcus

A

analysis of biological motion

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32
Q

superior temporal sulcus (posterior)

A

moving body analysis

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33
Q

Parahipocampal place area

A

analysis of landmarks

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34
Q

ventral stream regions (7)

A

LO, FFA, EBA, FBA, STS, STSp, PPA

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35
Q

dorsal stream regions

A

LIP, AIP, VIP, PRR, IPS

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36
Q

lateral intraparietal sulcus

A

voluntary eye movement

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37
Q

anterior intraparietal sulcus

A

object direct grasping

38
Q

ventral intraparietal sulcus

A

visuomotor guidance

39
Q

parietal reach region

A

visually guided reach

40
Q

intraparietal sulcus

A

object-direct action

41
Q

Dorsal stream regions (5)

A

LIP, AIP, VIP, PRR, IPS

42
Q

Visual processing is necessary to direct

A

specific movements

43
Q

directing specific movements can be done

A

with or without attention and awareness

44
Q

Processing visual information about a moving target in order to catch it requires

A

the interaction of multiple visual areas, largely in the parietal lobe and part of the dorsal stream

45
Q

When you look at an object, your visual system focuses on

A

only part of that object

46
Q

When looking at a face, an observer focuses on the

A

eyes and mouth, particularly in the left visual field

47
Q

This bias to the left visual field seems to be specific for viewing

A

Faces

48
Q

When a subject performs a mental rotation task, the task is often accompanied by

A

eye movements

49
Q

egocentric space

A

object in relation to the observer

50
Q

allocentric space

A

objects in relation to each other

51
Q

Vision’s primary function is to guide

A

movement, not to recognize objects

52
Q

Information for visually guided movement projects from

A

V1 to parietal areas over the dorsal stream

53
Q

Patient with damage to the lateral occipital area could

A

shape their hand to grasp an object they could not consciously see

54
Q

Patients with dorsal stream damage can

A

see objects but cannot accurately reach for them

55
Q

Dorsal stream provides

A

real-time visual control of action

56
Q

Posterior parietal visual neurons are active only when the brain is

A

acting on visual information

57
Q

Information about shape, movement, and location is sent to the

A

parietal lobe over different pathways

58
Q

Parietal-cortex lesions that impact visual areas are typically characterized as

A

visuospatial or visuomotor

59
Q

When asked to detect motion, area

A

V5 showed increased activity

60
Q

When asked to detect color, area

A

V4 showed activity

61
Q

Left side of each retina projects to the

A

left hemisphere

62
Q

and right side of each retina projects to the

A

right hemisphere

63
Q

Information from both eyes about a particular location in space is combined in

A

V1

64
Q

If a visual disturbance affects both eyes, the disturbance must be in

A

V1

65
Q

Visual disturbances that affect information from only one eye must occur at

A

the level of the eye, the retina, or the optic nerve

66
Q

Damage to the visual cortex typically spares information from the

A

central part of the visual field (macular sparing)

67
Q

Reason for macular sparing

A

could be because the region of the visual cortex corresponding to macular vision receives blood from multiple cerebral arteries, making a stroke in that area less likely

68
Q

Scotomas

A

small blind spots that are often unnoticed because the eyes are constantly moving and the brain fills in the blind spots with information from the previous position of the eyes

69
Q

A complete lesion of area V1 in the left hemisphere results in

A

hemianopia affecting the right visual field

70
Q

A large lesion of the lower lip of the calcarine fissure produces a

A

quadrantanopia that affects most of the upper-right visual quadrant

71
Q

A smaller lesion of the lower lip of the calcarine fissure results in a

A

smaller injury, a scotoma

72
Q

Cortical blindness occurs when a patient has no

A

conscious awareness of visual stimuli but can accurately indicate locations, directions, forms, or colors of the stimuli

73
Q

Following damage to area V5, patient was unable to

A

detect motion

74
Q

Following damage to area V5, patient was unable to detect motion
Pouring fluids was difficult because she could not see the level rise in the cup
Interacting with people was disturbing because she could not see them move
Vision was otherwise normal
brain processes the movement of a form separate from

A

the form itself

75
Q

Visual agnosia

A

is the inability to recognize objects or pictures of objects—or the inability to draw a copy of the objects

76
Q

Optic ataxia

A

a deficit in visually guided movements, such as reaching

77
Q

Optic ataxia Associated with damage to

A

posterior parietal lobe

78
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

the inability to recognize familiar faces

79
Q

Alexia

A

difficulty reading

80
Q

Apperceptive agnosia is an object agnosia in which the patient fails to

A

recognize a basic feature of the object, such as color or motion

81
Q

In simultagnosia

A

the patient is able to perceive an object, but is unable to perceive more than one object at a time

82
Q

Apperceptive agnosia , simultagnosia typically result from

A

bilateral damage to the lateral aspects of the occipital lobe

83
Q

associative agnosia

A

patient can perceive the object, but they cannot recognize the object

84
Q

Associative agnosia is typically associated with damage to the

A

ventral stream

85
Q

Prosopagnosia patients Rely on recognizing a person based on the

A

sound of their voice, their hair, or the way they walk

86
Q

Alexia is the inability to read Associated with damage to the

A

left fusiform gyrus and lingual area

87
Q

Left hemisphere is specialized to combine

A

letters to form words

88
Q

Alexia can be considered a

A

visual agnosia where the patient is unable to combine parts (letters) into a whole (words)

89
Q

Visualization is important to

A

problem solving and other thought processes

90
Q

Research suggests that imagery results from

A

top-down activation of visual areas, and may be initiated by prefrontal areas

91
Q

Mental rotation of visual images uses

A

ight-hemisphere dorsal stream areas

Psych 377 (10 decks)

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