Chapter 15

Question 1

DNA——> __________———-> MRNA

Answer 1

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 2

MRNA——-> ____________————> PROTEIN

Answer 2

TRANSLATION

Question 3

Gene specify the sequence of MRNA, which in tum specify the sequence of proteins

Answer 3

Central Dogma

Question 4

Three consecutive nucleotide in MRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid of the release of a polypeptide chain during translation

Answer 4

Codon

Question 5

Protein sequences consist of _______ commonly occurring amino acids

Answer 5

20

Question 6

Each amino acid is defined by a three nucleotide sequence called the __________

Answer 6

Triple codon

Question 7

______________ is a start codon

Answer 7

AUG(Methionine)

Question 8

UAA,UAG and UGA

Answer 8

Nonsense codon

Question 9

Bacteria, archaea; one single circular chromosome
Also have plasmids

Answer 9

Prokaryote transcription

Question 10

Unwound portion of DNA where MRNA is made; MRNA is made from DNA template strand ( DNA strand not used in non template strand)

Answer 10

Transcription bubble

Question 11

Enzyme (RNA polymerase) use the nucleotide sequence of a gene to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

DNA is _______________ to RNA

Answer 12

Transcribed

Question 13

Most RNA is _________ stranded

Answer 13

Single

Question 14

RNA uses _________ in place of __________

Answer 14

Uracil
thymine

Question 15

RNA uses ___________ in place of ______________

Answer 15

Ribose
Deoxyribose

Question 16

Forms phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides (sugar to phosphate)
Uncloids DNA

Answer 16

Role of RNA polymerase

Question 17

Add the nucleotide one at a time in the 5’ to 3’

Answer 17

Role of RNA polymerase

Question 18

Contains information transcribed from DNA

Answer 18

Messenger RNA (MRNA)

Question 19

Main component of ribosome where polypeptide chains are built

Answer 19

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 20

Delivers amino acid to ribosome

Answer 20

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 21

Promoter is upstream from gene, transcription starts here

Answer 21

Initiation

Question 22

RNA polymerase to add nucleotides
MRNA is synthesized into 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 22

Elongation

Question 23

MRNA disassociates from DNA, either by protein base (RHO-dependent) or RNA based (RHO-dependent)

Answer 23

Termination

Question 24

Transcription happens in the ______

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

MRNA must leave nucleus through _______

Answer 25

Nuclear pore

Question 26

________ RNA polymerases needed for initiation of transcription

Answer 26

3

Question 27

Promoter sequence in eukaryote and prokaryotes that help establish the initiation site for transcription

Answer 27

TATA Box

Question 28

_____ events that need to happen to RNA before the next step

Answer 28

3

Question 29

Step one of RNA processing

Answer 29

5’ capping

Question 30

3’ poly-a Tail

Answer 30

Step 2 of RNA processing

Question 31

PRE-MRNA splicing

Answer 31

Step 3 of RNA processing

Question 32

Sequence in MRNA that code for protein

Answer 32

EXONS

Question 33

Non protein coding sequence, spliced from MRNA

Answer 33

Introns

Question 34

MRNA template converts nucleotide based genetic information into a protein product

Answer 34

Translation

Question 35

TRNA delivers amino acids to ribosome Has an ANTICODON complementary to an mRNA codon a binding site for the amino acid specified by that codon

Answer 35

RRNA and tRNA- the translators

Question 36

Holds the tRNA that Carries the growing polypeptide chain

Answer 36

The P site

Question 37

Holds the tRNA that carries the next amino acid to be added to the chain

Answer 37

A site

Question 38

The exit, where discharged tRNA leave the ribosome

Answer 38

E site

Question 39

Begins when an initiator tRNA anticodon recognizes a codon on MRNA

Answer 39

Initiation

Question 40

The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit and a second tRNA is recruited Peptide bonds form between amino acids

Answer 40

Elongation

Question 41

Entry of a release factor into the A site terminates translation and the components dissociate

Answer 41

Termination

Question 42

New protein is “folded” into distinct three dimensional structure as a result of intramolecular interactions

Answer 42

What happens after termination