Chapter 13 Flashcards
Number and appearance of an individuals chromosome
Including size banding pattern and centromere position
Karyotype
Failure of synapse homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the first cell division of meiosis
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction can occurs during ____________ or ______________
Meiosis 1 or meiosis 2
Euploid, aneuploid, polyploidy, monosomy, trisomy ARE ?
Results of NONDISJUNCTION
Euploid
Individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species
Individual with an error in chromosome number
Including deletions and duplications of chromosome segments
Aneuploidy
Loss of one chromosome
Humans missing an autosome fail to develop at birth
Monosomy
Gain of a chromosome
Down syndrome
Trisomy
Individual with an incorrect number of chromosome set
Polyploidy
Polyploidy is very common in _____
Plants
Condensation of X chromosome into BARR bodies during embryonic development in females
Compensate for double genetic dose
X Inactivation
Example of X inactivation
Tortoiseshell Cat
Chromosomal segment may be _______,__________,__________,or __________
Duplicated
Deleted
Inverted
Translocated
Duplication of a region of chromosome that contains a gene
EX: many types of cancer(oncogene)
Duplication
Loss of some portion of a chromosome, usually causes serious or lethal disorder
EX: cri-du-chat, deletion of most of 5p(small armor chromosome 5)
Deletion
Detachment, 180 rotation and reinserting part of a chromosome
Mild effects
EX: most common on chromosome 9
Inversion
Segment of chromosome disassociates and reattaches to a different non homologous chromosome
EX:schizophrenia, cancer
Translocation
Changes in sex chromosome number may Impair learning or motor skills or be undetected
Changes in sex chromosome number
Female sex chromosome abnormalities
Tumer syndrome (XO)
-XXX syndrome (three or more chromosome)
Male sex chromosome abnormalities
Klinefller syndrome (XXY)
XYY syndrome
