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chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system 2 basic functions

A

air distribution & gas exchange

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2
Q

upper respiratory tract organs

A

nose
pharynx
larynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory tract organs

A

trachea
bronchiole tree
lungs

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4
Q

membrane that separates air in alveoli from blood

A

respiratory membrane

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5
Q

membrane that lines most of air distribution tubes

A

respiratory mucosa

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6
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
maxilla
sphenoid
ethmoid

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7
Q

drains tears into nasal cavity

A

lacrimal sac

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8
Q

protrudes into nasal cavities and function to warm and humidity air

A

conchae turbinates

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9
Q

large air tube in neck

A

trachea

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10
Q

4 smaller air tubes connect to trachea and alveolar sacs

A

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
bronchioles
alveolar ducts

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11
Q

substance made by lungs to reduce surface tension

A

surfactant

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12
Q

exchange of gases between blood and tissues

A

internal respiration

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13
Q

exchange of gases between blood and air in lungs

A

external respiration

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14
Q

most important muscle in respiration

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

oxygen carried in blood

A

oxyhemoglobin

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16
Q

carbon dioxide can be carried in blood as

A

bicarbonate ion

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17
Q

carbon dioxide combined in hemoglobin

A

carbiminohemoglobin

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18
Q

the inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in _____ brain

A

medulla

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19
Q

receptors that inhibit the inspiratory center that keeps lungs from over expanding

A

stretch receptors

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20
Q

receptors that modify respiratory rates by responding to amount of CO2 and O2 and acid levels in blood

A

chemoreceptors

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21
Q

amount of air moved in and out of lung during normal breathing

A

tidal volume

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22
Q

3 volumes that make up vital capacity

A

tidal volume
expiratory reserve
inspiratory reserve

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23
Q

the volume in total lung capacity but not vital capacity

A

residual volume

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24
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

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25
rapid and deep respirations
hyperventilation
26
slow and shallow respirations
hypoventilation
27
labored or difficult respirations
dyspnea
28
stopped respiration
apnea
29
failure to resume breathing after a period of apnea
respiratory arrest
30
cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation with critical conditions
cheyne stokes respiration
31
chemoreceptors respond to changes in CO2, O2, and blood acid
chemoreflexes
32
respond to stretch receptors in lungs to protect from over inflation
pulmonary stretch reflexes
33
what transport process of diffusion is responsible for exchange of gases during respiration
passive transport
34
a type of respiratory mucosa epithelium lines most of tract and produces mucus
ciliated psuedostratified columnar
35
a type of respiratory mucosa epithelium lines nostrils, vocal folds, pharynx, and has protective function
stratified squamous epithelium
36
a type of respiratory mucosa epithelium lines alveoli and facilitates gas exchange
simple squamous epithelium
37
cilia on mucosal cells beat in only one direction moving mucus upward to pharynx
ciliary escalator
38
form a ring of lymphoid tissue around throat
tonsils
39
nasopharynx contains _____ tonsils & _____
pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids auditory tubes
40
oropharynx contains _______ tonsils
lingual and palatine tonsils
41
2 functions of pharynx
food liquids & air
42
adams apple is largest
thyroid cartilage
43
partially covers opening into larynx
epiglottis
44
larynx function
air and voice
45
alveoli function
exchange of gases between air and blood
46
made of nine piece of cartilage
larynx
47
right and left bronchi lead to smaller bronchioles leads to alveolar sacs, lead to alveoli
bronchial tree
48
passageway for air to move to and from alveoli
bronchial tree
49
large enough to fill chest cavity except for middle space of heart
lungs
50
lungs function
external respiration
51
thin membrane lines thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
52
lining covers outer surface of lungs
visceral pleura
53
moist smooth slippery serous membrane between lungs
pleura
54
pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange
external respiration
55
systemic gas exchange and cellular respiration
internal respiration
56
pulmonary ventilation includes two phases
inspiration and expiration
57
air moves into lungs - inspiration and inhalation
active process
58
inspiratory muscles
diaphragm and external intercostals
59
increases size do chest and reduces pressure
inspiration (inhalation)
60
quiet expiration uses
passive process
61
thorax returns to resting size and shape and elastic recoil of lung tissues
expiration (exhalation)
62
forceful expiration muscles
internal intercostals and abdominal
63
volumes of air exchanged in breathing
pulmonary volumes
64
amount normally breathed in or out
tidal volume
65
greatest amount of air with one expiration
vital capacity
66
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after the title volume
expiratory reserve volume
67
Amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inspiration
inspiratory reserve volume
68
Air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration
residual volume
69
resting conditions rhythmic produces normal rate of respiration
medulla
70
centers in the pons can alter the activity of the medulla area
pontine center
71
voluntary but limited control of respiratory activity
cerebral cortex
72
transport of carbon dioxide 10%
dissolved carbon dioxide
73
transport of carbon dioxide, 20%
carbaminohemoglobin
74
transport of carbon dioxide, 70%
biocarbonate ions
75
exchange of gases between the air and blood
diffusion passive
76
respiratory system serves as
gas exchanger homeostatic mechanism
77
correct pathway air takes on the way to the lungs
primary bronchi secondary bronchi alveolar sacs alveoli

A&P 2 (9 decks)

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