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A&P 2 > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system 2 basic functions

A

air distribution & gas exchange

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2
Q

upper respiratory tract organs

A

nose
pharynx
larynx

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3
Q

lower respiratory tract organs

A

trachea
bronchiole tree
lungs

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4
Q

membrane that separates air in alveoli from blood

A

respiratory membrane

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5
Q

membrane that lines most of air distribution tubes

A

respiratory mucosa

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6
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
maxilla
sphenoid
ethmoid

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7
Q

drains tears into nasal cavity

A

lacrimal sac

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8
Q

protrudes into nasal cavities and function to warm and humidity air

A

conchae turbinates

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9
Q

large air tube in neck

A

trachea

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10
Q

4 smaller air tubes connect to trachea and alveolar sacs

A

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
bronchioles
alveolar ducts

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11
Q

substance made by lungs to reduce surface tension

A

surfactant

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12
Q

exchange of gases between blood and tissues

A

internal respiration

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13
Q

exchange of gases between blood and air in lungs

A

external respiration

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14
Q

most important muscle in respiration

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

oxygen carried in blood

A

oxyhemoglobin

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16
Q

carbon dioxide can be carried in blood as

A

bicarbonate ion

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17
Q

carbon dioxide combined in hemoglobin

A

carbiminohemoglobin

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18
Q

the inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in _____ brain

A

medulla

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19
Q

receptors that inhibit the inspiratory center that keeps lungs from over expanding

A

stretch receptors

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20
Q

receptors that modify respiratory rates by responding to amount of CO2 and O2 and acid levels in blood

A

chemoreceptors

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21
Q

amount of air moved in and out of lung during normal breathing

A

tidal volume

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22
Q

3 volumes that make up vital capacity

A

tidal volume
expiratory reserve
inspiratory reserve

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23
Q

the volume in total lung capacity but not vital capacity

A

residual volume

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24
Q

normal breathing

A

eupnea

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25
Q

rapid and deep respirations

A

hyperventilation

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26
Q

slow and shallow respirations

A

hypoventilation

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27
Q

labored or difficult respirations

A

dyspnea

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28
Q

stopped respiration

A

apnea

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29
Q

failure to resume breathing after a period of apnea

A

respiratory arrest

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30
Q

cycles of alternating apnea and hyperventilation with critical conditions

A

cheyne stokes respiration

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31
Q

chemoreceptors respond to changes in CO2, O2, and blood acid

A

chemoreflexes

32
Q

respond to stretch receptors in lungs to protect from over inflation

A

pulmonary stretch reflexes

33
Q

what transport process of diffusion is responsible for exchange of gases during respiration

A

passive transport

34
Q

a type of respiratory mucosa epithelium lines most of tract and produces mucus

A

ciliated psuedostratified columnar

35
Q

a type of respiratory mucosa epithelium lines nostrils, vocal folds, pharynx, and has protective function

A

stratified squamous epithelium

36
Q

a type of respiratory mucosa epithelium lines alveoli and facilitates gas exchange

A

simple squamous epithelium

37
Q

cilia on mucosal cells beat in only one direction moving mucus upward to pharynx

A

ciliary escalator

38
Q

form a ring of lymphoid tissue around throat

39
Q

nasopharynx contains _____ tonsils & _____

A

pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids
auditory tubes

40
Q

oropharynx contains _______ tonsils

A

lingual and palatine tonsils

41
Q

2 functions of pharynx

A

food liquids & air

42
Q

adams apple is largest

A

thyroid cartilage

43
Q

partially covers opening into larynx

A

epiglottis

44
Q

larynx function

A

air and voice

45
Q

alveoli function

A

exchange of gases between air and blood

46
Q

made of nine piece of cartilage

47
Q

right and left bronchi lead to smaller bronchioles leads to alveolar sacs, lead to alveoli

A

bronchial tree

48
Q

passageway for air to move to and from alveoli

A

bronchial tree

49
Q

large enough to fill chest cavity except for middle space of heart

50
Q

lungs function

A

external respiration

51
Q

thin membrane lines thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

52
Q

lining covers outer surface of lungs

A

visceral pleura

53
Q

moist smooth slippery serous membrane between lungs

54
Q

pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange

A

external respiration

55
Q

systemic gas exchange and cellular respiration

A

internal respiration

56
Q

pulmonary ventilation includes two phases

A

inspiration and expiration

57
Q

air moves into lungs - inspiration and inhalation

A

active process

58
Q

inspiratory muscles

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

59
Q

increases size do chest and reduces pressure

A

inspiration (inhalation)

60
Q

quiet expiration uses

A

passive process

61
Q

thorax returns to resting size and shape and elastic recoil of lung tissues

A

expiration (exhalation)

62
Q

forceful expiration muscles

A

internal intercostals and abdominal

63
Q

volumes of air exchanged in breathing

A

pulmonary volumes

64
Q

amount normally breathed in or out

A

tidal volume

65
Q

greatest amount of air with one expiration

A

vital capacity

66
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after the title volume

A

expiratory reserve volume

67
Q

Amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inspiration

A

inspiratory reserve volume

68
Q

Air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration

A

residual volume

69
Q

resting conditions rhythmic produces normal rate of respiration

70
Q

centers in the pons can alter the activity of the medulla area

A

pontine center

71
Q

voluntary but limited control of respiratory activity

A

cerebral cortex

72
Q

transport of carbon dioxide 10%

A

dissolved carbon dioxide

73
Q

transport of carbon dioxide, 20%

A

carbaminohemoglobin

74
Q

transport of carbon dioxide, 70%

A

biocarbonate ions

75
Q

exchange of gases between the air and blood

A

diffusion passive

76
Q

respiratory system serves as

A

gas exchanger
homeostatic mechanism

77
Q

correct pathway air takes on the way to the lungs

A

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
alveolar sacs
alveoli

A&P 2 (9 decks)

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