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A&P 2 > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

heart sounds are most easily heard by placing a stethoscope directly over

A

the apex

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2
Q

the valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called

A

tricuspid AV valve

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3
Q

blood rich in oxygen returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium of the heart through the

A

pulmonary veins

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4
Q

heart block is successfully treated by

A

artificial pacemaker

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5
Q

the outermost layer of the arteries and the veins is called the

A

tunica adentiva (externa)

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6
Q

blood pressure gradient is

A

involved in keeping blood flowing

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7
Q

stroke volume refers to

A

volume of blood EJECTED from ventricles during each beat

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8
Q

a structural feature not present in arteries but unique to veins are

A

one way valves

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9
Q

blunt point, of the lower edge of the heart lies on the diaphragm, pointing toward the left

A

apex

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10
Q

apical beat is heard

A

between 5th and 6th rib with midpoint of left clavicle

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11
Q

rhythmic compression of the heart can maintain blood flow in cases of cardiac arrest and if combined with artificial respiration, resulting in

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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12
Q

earlike extensions on both atria

A

auricles

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13
Q

receiving chambers are

A

atria

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14
Q

discharging chambers are

A

ventricles

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15
Q

the wall of each chamber is composed of cardiac muscle tissue referred to as

A

myocardium

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16
Q

septum between atrial chambers

A

interatrial septum

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17
Q

septum between ventricle chambers

A

interventricular septum

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18
Q

each chamber of the heart is lined by a thin layer of smooth tissue called

A

endocardium

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19
Q

______ caused by endocarditis or injuries to blood vessel walls often release platelet factors and leads to fatal blood clot

A

rough spots

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20
Q

the hearts covering, consists of two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space between them

A

pericardium

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21
Q

the inner layer of the pericardium covering the heart

A

visceral pericardium or epicardium

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22
Q

outer layer of pericardium, fits like a loose fitting sack allowing room for the heart to beat

A

parietal pericardium

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23
Q

lines the heart chambers

A

endocardium

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24
Q

covers surface of the heart

A

epicardium

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25
Q

two pericardial layers glide over each other without friction when the heart beats because of a moist slippery surface

A

serous membrane

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26
Q

a thin film provides lubrication between the heart and its enveloping pericardial sac

A

pericardial fluid

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27
Q

stringlike structures attach edges of the leaflets of each AV valve to the wall of its ventricle

A

chordae tendineae

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28
Q

_____ heart sound is caused by the closing of the SL valves when the ventricles undergo diastole

A

second heart sound

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29
Q

altercations in heart beat called

A

heart murmurs

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30
Q

heart murmurs or heart sound can be heard by a

A

stethoscope

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31
Q

the process of the delivery of oxygen and nutrient rich arterial blood to cardiac muscle tissue and the return of oxygen poor blood from this active tissue to venous system is called

A

coronary circulation

32
Q

blood flows into the heart muscle by two small vessels

A

coronary arteries

33
Q

heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

34
Q

treatment for those who suffer from severely restricted coronary artery blood flow when veins or arteries are harvested to reconstruct coronary arteries

A

coronary bypass surgery

35
Q

chest pain when myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen

A

angina pectoris

36
Q

the beating of the heart is a regular and rhythmic process called

A

pumping cycle

37
Q

each complete heart beat is called

A

cardiac cycle

38
Q

secret passage rather than the usual pathway through the superior and inferior vena cava

A

cardiac veins to coronary sinus

39
Q

intercalated discs of cardiac muscle fibers in each region of the heart are electrically linked together

A

conduction system

40
Q

main structures of conduction system

A

SA node
AV node
AV bundle (bundle of his)
subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)

41
Q

hearts natural pacemaker

A

SA node

42
Q

damage to the hearts conduction system and disturbs rhythmic beating is called

A

heart block

43
Q

visible heart tracings by an instrument called

A

electrocardiograph

44
Q

graphic record of hearts electrical activity

A

electrocardiogram

45
Q

ECG- atrial walls depolarize

A

P wave

46
Q

ECG- ventricle walls depolarize

A

QRS complex

47
Q

ECG- ventricles repolarize

A

T wave

48
Q

volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

A

cardiac output

49
Q

number of heart beats (cardiac cycles) per minute called

A

heart rate

50
Q

determined by natural rhythm of the heart created by the hearts own conduction system is called

A

heart rate

51
Q

the autonomic nervous system may alter the hearts rhythm in

A

heart rate

52
Q

describes electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle

A

depolarization

53
Q

just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity

A

repolarization

54
Q

ANS slows down heart rate when neurons of _______ release acetylcholine to decrease pace of SA node

A

vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)

55
Q

largest veins, are the superior and inferior vena cava called

A

sinuses

56
Q

outer layer of vessel made of connective tissue which reinforces the wall of the vessels under pressure

A

tunica externa (adventitia)

57
Q

elastic fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue found in arteries and veins

A

tunica media

58
Q

thicker layer in artery walls able to resist great pressures in maintaining blood pressure

A

tunica media

59
Q

inner layer of endothelial cells called

A

tunica intima

60
Q

passive movement of water when some solutes cannot cross the membrane

A

osmosis

61
Q

passive movement of fluid resulting from hydrostatic pressure gradient

A

filtration

62
Q

blood flows through vessels that are arranged in a complete circuit or circular pattern

A

blood circulation

63
Q

particular set of circular pathways

A

route of circulation

64
Q

route of blood flow to and through the liver

A

hepatic portal circulation

65
Q

fetal and maternal blood vessels where exchange occurs

A

placenta

66
Q

continuation of umbilical vein serves as a shunt from placenta to bypass liver

A

ductus venosus

67
Q

shunts blood from RA to directly to LA

A

foramen ovale

68
Q

connects pulmonary artery to aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

69
Q

set of processes that influence the flow of the blood

A

hemodynamics

70
Q

continuous flow of blood through its circulatory routes

A

blood pressure

71
Q

blood pressure “hill”

A

blood pressure gradient

72
Q

any force that acts against the flow of blood in a blood vessel

A

peripheral resistance

73
Q

adjustment of muscle tension in vessel walls to control blood pressure and blood flow is called

A

vasomotor constriction

74
Q

the venous blood pressure within the right atrium is called the

A

central venous pressure

75
Q

artery expanding then recoiling alternately

A

pulse

A&P 2 (9 decks)

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