chapter 13

Question 1

heart sounds are most easily heard by placing a stethoscope directly over

Answer 1

the apex

Question 2

the valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called

Answer 2

tricuspid AV valve

Question 3

blood rich in oxygen returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium of the heart through the

Answer 3

pulmonary veins

Question 4

heart block is successfully treated by

Answer 4

artificial pacemaker

Question 5

the outermost layer of the arteries and the veins is called the

Answer 5

tunica adentiva (externa)

Question 6

blood pressure gradient is

Answer 6

involved in keeping blood flowing

Question 7

stroke volume refers to

Answer 7

volume of blood EJECTED from ventricles during each beat

Question 8

a structural feature not present in arteries but unique to veins are

Answer 8

one way valves

Question 9

blunt point, of the lower edge of the heart lies on the diaphragm, pointing toward the left

Answer 9

apex

Question 10

apical beat is heard

Answer 10

between 5th and 6th rib with midpoint of left clavicle

Question 11

rhythmic compression of the heart can maintain blood flow in cases of cardiac arrest and if combined with artificial respiration, resulting in

Answer 11

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Question 12

earlike extensions on both atria

Answer 12

auricles

Question 13

receiving chambers are

Answer 13

atria

Question 14

discharging chambers are

Answer 14

ventricles

Question 15

the wall of each chamber is composed of cardiac muscle tissue referred to as

Answer 15

myocardium

Question 16

septum between atrial chambers

Answer 16

interatrial septum

Question 17

septum between ventricle chambers

Answer 17

interventricular septum

Question 18

each chamber of the heart is lined by a thin layer of smooth tissue called

Answer 18

endocardium

Question 19

______ caused by endocarditis or injuries to blood vessel walls often release platelet factors and leads to fatal blood clot

Answer 19

rough spots

Question 20

the hearts covering, consists of two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space between them

Answer 20

pericardium

Question 21

the inner layer of the pericardium covering the heart

Answer 21

visceral pericardium or epicardium

Question 22

outer layer of pericardium, fits like a loose fitting sack allowing room for the heart to beat

Answer 22

parietal pericardium

Question 23

lines the heart chambers

Answer 23

endocardium

Question 24

covers surface of the heart

Answer 24

epicardium

Question 25

two pericardial layers glide over each other without friction when the heart beats because of a moist slippery surface

Answer 25

serous membrane

Question 26

a thin film provides lubrication between the heart and its enveloping pericardial sac

Answer 26

pericardial fluid

Question 27

stringlike structures attach edges of the leaflets of each AV valve to the wall of its ventricle

Answer 27

chordae tendineae

Question 28

_____ heart sound is caused by the closing of the SL valves when the ventricles undergo diastole

Answer 28

second heart sound

Question 29

altercations in heart beat called

Answer 29

heart murmurs

Question 30

heart murmurs or heart sound can be heard by a

Answer 30

stethoscope

Question 31

the process of the delivery of oxygen and nutrient rich arterial blood to cardiac muscle tissue and the return of oxygen poor blood from this active tissue to venous system is called

Answer 31

coronary circulation

Question 32

blood flows into the heart muscle by two small vessels

Answer 32

coronary arteries

Question 33

heart attack

Answer 33

myocardial infarction

Question 34

treatment for those who suffer from severely restricted coronary artery blood flow when veins or arteries are harvested to reconstruct coronary arteries

Answer 34

coronary bypass surgery

Question 35

chest pain when myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen

Answer 35

angina pectoris

Question 36

the beating of the heart is a regular and rhythmic process called

Answer 36

pumping cycle

Question 37

each complete heart beat is called

Answer 37

cardiac cycle

Question 38

secret passage rather than the usual pathway through the superior and inferior vena cava

Answer 38

cardiac veins to coronary sinus

Question 39

intercalated discs of cardiac muscle fibers in each region of the heart are electrically linked together

Answer 39

conduction system

Question 40

main structures of conduction system

Answer 40

SA node AV node AV bundle (bundle of his) subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)

Question 41

hearts natural pacemaker

Answer 41

SA node

Question 42

damage to the hearts conduction system and disturbs rhythmic beating is called

Answer 42

heart block

Question 43

visible heart tracings by an instrument called

Answer 43

electrocardiograph

Question 44

graphic record of hearts electrical activity

Answer 44

electrocardiogram

Question 45

ECG- atrial walls depolarize

Answer 45

P wave

Question 46

ECG- ventricle walls depolarize

Answer 46

QRS complex

Question 47

ECG- ventricles repolarize

Answer 47

T wave

Question 48

volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

Answer 48

cardiac output

Question 49

number of heart beats (cardiac cycles) per minute called

Answer 49

heart rate

Question 50

determined by natural rhythm of the heart created by the hearts own conduction system is called

Answer 50

heart rate

Question 51

the autonomic nervous system may alter the hearts rhythm in

Answer 51

heart rate

Question 52

describes electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle

Answer 52

depolarization

Question 53

just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity

Answer 53

repolarization

Question 54

ANS slows down heart rate when neurons of _______ release acetylcholine to decrease pace of SA node

Answer 54

vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)

Question 55

largest veins, are the superior and inferior vena cava called

Answer 55

sinuses

Question 56

outer layer of vessel made of connective tissue which reinforces the wall of the vessels under pressure

Answer 56

tunica externa (adventitia)

Question 57

elastic fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue found in arteries and veins

Answer 57

tunica media

Question 58

thicker layer in artery walls able to resist great pressures in maintaining blood pressure

Answer 58

tunica media

Question 59

inner layer of endothelial cells called

Answer 59

tunica intima

Question 60

passive movement of water when some solutes cannot cross the membrane

Answer 60

osmosis

Question 61

passive movement of fluid resulting from hydrostatic pressure gradient

Answer 61

filtration

Question 62

blood flows through vessels that are arranged in a complete circuit or circular pattern

Answer 62

blood circulation

Question 63

particular set of circular pathways

Answer 63

route of circulation

Question 64

route of blood flow to and through the liver

Answer 64

hepatic portal circulation

Question 65

fetal and maternal blood vessels where exchange occurs

Answer 65

placenta

Question 66

continuation of umbilical vein serves as a shunt from placenta to bypass liver

Answer 66

ductus venosus

Question 67

shunts blood from RA to directly to LA

Answer 67

foramen ovale

Question 68

connects pulmonary artery to aorta

Answer 68

ductus arteriosus

Question 69

set of processes that influence the flow of the blood

Answer 69

hemodynamics

Question 70

continuous flow of blood through its circulatory routes

Answer 70

blood pressure

Question 71

blood pressure "hill"

Answer 71

blood pressure gradient

Question 72

any force that acts against the flow of blood in a blood vessel

Answer 72

peripheral resistance

Question 73

adjustment of muscle tension in vessel walls to control blood pressure and blood flow is called

Answer 73

vasomotor constriction

Question 74

the venous blood pressure within the right atrium is called the

Answer 74

central venous pressure

Question 75

artery expanding then recoiling alternately

Answer 75

pulse