Chapter 14: trace minerals

Question 1

functions of copper

Answer 1

component of ceruloplasmin
coenzyme for energy metabolism, and for collagen production
increases iron absorption (fe3+ to fe 2+)
part of superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme system
collagen and elastin

Question 2

copper recomended intake

Answer 2

rda for adults is 900ug/day, deficiency is rare and toxicity is not well studied (menkes, wilsons disease)

Question 3

folate

Answer 3

is a water soluble vitamin

Question 4

functions of folate

Answer 4

DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism
critical for cell division of very early embryos
functions with B12 and B6 metabolism

Question 5

sources of folate

Answer 5

fortified grains, leafy greens, legumes, seeds, liver, easily destroyed by heat and oxygen

Question 6

folate recommended intake

Answer 6

rda 400 ug/day for adults, 600ug/day for pregnant women, UL is 1000 ug/day

Question 7

folate deficiency

Answer 7

anemia (large cell type), smooth, red tongue, mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache, shortness of breath,

Question 8

Folate toxicity symptoms

Answer 8

masks B12 deficiency symptoms, intestinal pain cramps, nausea, vomiting, liver damage,

Question 9

macrocytic anemia

Answer 9

severe folate or vit b12 deficiency, results in enlarged rbc containing insufficient hemoglobin, shows common symptoms of anemia

Question 10

folate deficiency cell division

Answer 10

without DNA strands break and cell division diminishes- RNA synthesis continues resulting in large cell with large nucleus

Question 11

B12 sources

Answer 11

foods of animal origin, fortified foods

Question 12

B12 deficiency

Answer 12

pernicious anemia

Question 13

B12 rda

Answer 13

2.4ug/day

Question 14

B12

Answer 14

coenzyme helps with new cell synthesis, maintains nerve cell, breaks down some fatty acids and amino acids

Question 15

B12 and folate relationship

Answer 15

when b12 is lacking homocysteine accumlates, linked with 10-20% of cornary heart disease

Question 16

high homocysteine

Answer 16

can cause cholesterol to change to oxidized low density lipoprotein which damages the arteries, may make blood clot more easily then it should

Question 17

other trace minerals

Answer 17

very small quantities, human deficiency unknown, no dri value

Question 18

nickel

Answer 18

a cofactor for enzymes

Question 19

silicon and vanadium

Answer 19

important in bone health

Question 20

cobalt

Answer 20

part of vitamin B12

Question 21

boron

Answer 21

imporant in bone health, brain activity, and immunity