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Western civilization > Chapter 14 test > Flashcards

Chapter 14 test Flashcards

1
Q

motives for expanding into the new world

A

Fantastic lands- Travels of John Mandeville… talked of the gold silver
Economic Motives- new areas of trade (spices)
Religious Zeal- crusading mentality

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2
Q

The polos

A

Medieval travelers- NIccolo and Maffeo… went to Asia and wrote travelers

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3
Q

Means for expansion

A

Europe was connected to growing monarchies during the Renaissance
monarchies increased authority/resources
Maps- Portolani… Charts made by medieval navigators, but they did not take into account the curvature of the earth
Ships/Sailing- mastered the axial rudder, couldn’t stade against wind, Increased knowledge of the Atlantic ocean

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4
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

Explored the coast of Africa
searched for gold
brought back african slaves
New source of gold in west Africa (Gold Coast)

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5
Q

Bartholomeu Dias

A

sailed around the cape of good hope

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6
Q

Vasco da gama

A

got to India by rounding the cape of good hope

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7
Q

Afonso de Albuquerque

A

Set up facilities at Goa (HQ)- commercial/ military base

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8
Q

Reasons for portuguese success

A
  1. Guns

2. Seamanship

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9
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Reached the Bahamas
Italian who sailed for Spain
4 more voyages to try and connect India to christianity

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10
Q

John cabot

A

Explored New England coastline

From Italy, sailed for England

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11
Q

Pedro cabral

A

Discovered South America

From Portugal, and sailed for them

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12
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Wrote about his voyages of the geography of the world

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13
Q

Nunez De Balboa

A

Reached the Pacific ocean

crossed the isthmus of panama

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14
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Circumnavigates the earth

Died in the Philippines

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15
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Divided the New world
Spanish gets the western side of the world
Portugal gets the Eastern side of the world

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16
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors who were privately funded

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17
Q

mesoamerica

A

Central America/Mexico

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18
Q

Mayas

A

In Mesoamerica- Yucatan Peninsula

Sophisticated civilization- temples/ pyramids

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19
Q

Aztecs

A

In central mexico
capital was Tenochtitlan
great warriors

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20
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Leader of the Aztecs (messenger from the gods)
Took montezuma hostage
were overthrown by the spanish- bc of smallpox(no immunity), had guns and cannons, and allied with other cities

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21
Q

The Incas

A

Pachacuti = leader
created a centralized state
boundaries extended- buildings, roads, and bridges

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22
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Spanish Defeated the Incas- had guns, cannons, and horses

Many Incas died of smallpox

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23
Q

Encomienda

A

Spanish collected tribute from natives who were used for labor
Bartolome de casas spoke against it

24
Q

Spanish after the conquest of the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas

A

Took advantage of the indians

Mita- allowed authorities to use native labor in the silver mines

25
Q

Viceroy

A

Puppet ruler who speaks the laws from the king to the people (a representative)

26
Q

The Slave trade

A 
Increased trade in slaves for sugar cane
Forced on plantations 
High death rate during transit
Depopulation in African kingdoms
increased warfare to meet the # of slaves needed
27
Q

Effects of the Slave trade

A

Society of friends- group of quakers who criticized slavery

Cheep european goods -> African goods

28
Q

the West in Southeast Africa

A

Portugal tried to control trade but couldn’t
Spanish controlled the philippines -became the major trade base
Dutch/English- biggest threat to the portuguese
dutch occupied most of the coast (pushed portugal out)

29
Q

Local Kingdoms in the Southeast Africa

A

Bulma
Siam
Vietnam

30
Q

The French/British in India

A

Divided into Hindu/muslim kingdoms

31
Q

The Mughal Empire

A

Founded by Babur- Descendant of Genghis Khan

Greatest emperor

32
Q

The Impact of Portugal

A

At first dominated trade, but then had to fight the Dutch for it

33
Q

The Impact of England

A

Established trading posts at surat, Fort William, and, Mudras (French takes over trade, biggest rival)

34
Q

The Impact of Dutch

A

Abandoned the spice trade

35
Q

The Impact of French

A

Established fort on east coast

36
Q

Sir Robert Clive

A 
from England 
Consolidated British Control in Bengal 
Battle of Plassey- won- Pushed out french
East India Co.
Collected taxes for England
37
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Farm/ Hunted people
Extended rule in Mongolia/ Central Africa
Traded with Russia `

38
Q

Quing Dynasty

A

came from the manchus
Corrected social/economic ills
Kangxi/Qianlong - greatness of China is bc of them

39
Q

Western inroads

A

Russia(problem)- wanted skins/furs
England(problem)- replaced portugal as dominate trade
Trading post in Canton- only port for European trade (limited contact) Could stay in canton from oct-march

40
Q

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A

Shogun who unified Japan

41
Q

Opening to the West

A

Portuese- starting trading with Japan, and Francis Xavier was the first Jesuit missionary, at first accepted bc they brought new gadgets but the missionaries were kicked out

42
Q

The Americas

A

Spain/ Portugal established large empires

43
Q

The West Indies

A

English/French were first to colonize it
English: Held Barbados, Jaminca, and Bermuda
French: Helid Saint Domingue, Mrtinique, and Guaseloupe
Sugar Factories: High death rate, 200,000 back slaves producing 50,000 tons of sugar each year

44
Q

1602

A

Dutch Formed the New Netherlands

45
Q

1607

A

English formed Jamestown

46
Q

1663

A

Canada was under the French-Jacques Cartier-ST. Lawrence river
Samuel de Champlain- established Quebec

47
Q

The Impact of European Expansion (Conquered)

A

Altered the population of Africans
Changed/added European society
Increased war in Africa

Latin America: multicultural society

Brought horses/cattle- helped indians
new crop- wheat, sugar, sweet potatoes, Indian corn

missionaries:
built hospitals, schools, and orphanages
Went to Asia goodin China but got expelled in Japan

48
Q

The Impact of European Expansion (Conquerors)

A

More gold and silver- prices increased
Columbian exchange- exchanged plants (America- Potatoes, tobacco, chco) and animals(Europe- horses/cattle)
European culture was spread all over

49
Q

Gerardus Mercator

A

Projection- created a map that showed the sphere shape of the earth

50
Q

Causes of the economic conditions in the 16th century

A

Influx of metals

population increase- higher demand for land/ food

51
Q

economic conditions in the 16th century

A

Inflation
increase price
Lower standard of living

52
Q

Joint stock company

A

People bought shares of a company as an investment, while a board ran the company

53
Q

The bank of Amsterdam

A

Deposit/ transfer system- heavy in trading stocks

54
Q

The growth of commercial capitalism

A

Shipbuilding
mining
metallurgy
All useful in the 16th century

55
Q

Mercantilism

A

total volume of trade is unchangeable
protected economics by hoarding metals
goods imported were of lesser value the the ones being exported in order to keep the balance of trade

Western civilization (9 decks)

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