Chapter 14 test Flashcards
motives for expanding into the new world
Fantastic lands- Travels of John Mandeville… talked of the gold silver
Economic Motives- new areas of trade (spices)
Religious Zeal- crusading mentality
The polos
Medieval travelers- NIccolo and Maffeo… went to Asia and wrote travelers
Means for expansion
Europe was connected to growing monarchies during the Renaissance
monarchies increased authority/resources
Maps- Portolani… Charts made by medieval navigators, but they did not take into account the curvature of the earth
Ships/Sailing- mastered the axial rudder, couldn’t stade against wind, Increased knowledge of the Atlantic ocean
Prince Henry the Navigator
Explored the coast of Africa
searched for gold
brought back african slaves
New source of gold in west Africa (Gold Coast)
Bartholomeu Dias
sailed around the cape of good hope
Vasco da gama
got to India by rounding the cape of good hope
Afonso de Albuquerque
Set up facilities at Goa (HQ)- commercial/ military base
Reasons for portuguese success
- Guns
2. Seamanship
Christopher Columbus
Reached the Bahamas
Italian who sailed for Spain
4 more voyages to try and connect India to christianity
John cabot
Explored New England coastline
From Italy, sailed for England
Pedro cabral
Discovered South America
From Portugal, and sailed for them
Amerigo Vespucci
Wrote about his voyages of the geography of the world
Nunez De Balboa
Reached the Pacific ocean
crossed the isthmus of panama
Ferdinand Magellan
Circumnavigates the earth
Died in the Philippines
Treaty of Tordesillas
Divided the New world
Spanish gets the western side of the world
Portugal gets the Eastern side of the world
Conquistadors
Spanish conquerors who were privately funded
mesoamerica
Central America/Mexico
Mayas
In Mesoamerica- Yucatan Peninsula
Sophisticated civilization- temples/ pyramids
Aztecs
In central mexico
capital was Tenochtitlan
great warriors
Hernan Cortes
Leader of the Aztecs (messenger from the gods)
Took montezuma hostage
were overthrown by the spanish- bc of smallpox(no immunity), had guns and cannons, and allied with other cities
The Incas
Pachacuti = leader
created a centralized state
boundaries extended- buildings, roads, and bridges
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish Defeated the Incas- had guns, cannons, and horses
Many Incas died of smallpox