Chapter 14 test Flashcards

1
Q

motives for expanding into the new world

A

Fantastic lands- Travels of John Mandeville… talked of the gold silver
Economic Motives- new areas of trade (spices)
Religious Zeal- crusading mentality

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2
Q

The polos

A

Medieval travelers- NIccolo and Maffeo… went to Asia and wrote travelers

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3
Q

Means for expansion

A

Europe was connected to growing monarchies during the Renaissance
monarchies increased authority/resources
Maps- Portolani… Charts made by medieval navigators, but they did not take into account the curvature of the earth
Ships/Sailing- mastered the axial rudder, couldn’t stade against wind, Increased knowledge of the Atlantic ocean

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4
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

Explored the coast of Africa
searched for gold
brought back african slaves
New source of gold in west Africa (Gold Coast)

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5
Q

Bartholomeu Dias

A

sailed around the cape of good hope

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6
Q

Vasco da gama

A

got to India by rounding the cape of good hope

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7
Q

Afonso de Albuquerque

A

Set up facilities at Goa (HQ)- commercial/ military base

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8
Q

Reasons for portuguese success

A
  1. Guns

2. Seamanship

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9
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Reached the Bahamas
Italian who sailed for Spain
4 more voyages to try and connect India to christianity

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10
Q

John cabot

A

Explored New England coastline

From Italy, sailed for England

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11
Q

Pedro cabral

A

Discovered South America

From Portugal, and sailed for them

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12
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Wrote about his voyages of the geography of the world

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13
Q

Nunez De Balboa

A

Reached the Pacific ocean

crossed the isthmus of panama

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14
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Circumnavigates the earth

Died in the Philippines

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15
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Divided the New world
Spanish gets the western side of the world
Portugal gets the Eastern side of the world

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16
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors who were privately funded

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17
Q

mesoamerica

A

Central America/Mexico

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18
Q

Mayas

A

In Mesoamerica- Yucatan Peninsula

Sophisticated civilization- temples/ pyramids

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19
Q

Aztecs

A

In central mexico
capital was Tenochtitlan
great warriors

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20
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

Leader of the Aztecs (messenger from the gods)
Took montezuma hostage
were overthrown by the spanish- bc of smallpox(no immunity), had guns and cannons, and allied with other cities

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21
Q

The Incas

A

Pachacuti = leader
created a centralized state
boundaries extended- buildings, roads, and bridges

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22
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Spanish Defeated the Incas- had guns, cannons, and horses

Many Incas died of smallpox

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23
Q

Encomienda

A

Spanish collected tribute from natives who were used for labor
Bartolome de casas spoke against it

24
Q

Spanish after the conquest of the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas

A

Took advantage of the indians

Mita- allowed authorities to use native labor in the silver mines

25
Q

Viceroy

A

Puppet ruler who speaks the laws from the king to the people (a representative)

26
Q

The Slave trade

A
Increased trade in slaves for sugar cane
Forced on plantations 
High death rate during transit
Depopulation in African kingdoms
increased warfare to meet the # of slaves needed
27
Q

Effects of the Slave trade

A

Society of friends- group of quakers who criticized slavery

Cheep european goods -> African goods

28
Q

the West in Southeast Africa

A

Portugal tried to control trade but couldn’t
Spanish controlled the philippines -became the major trade base
Dutch/English- biggest threat to the portuguese
dutch occupied most of the coast (pushed portugal out)

29
Q

Local Kingdoms in the Southeast Africa

A

Bulma
Siam
Vietnam

30
Q

The French/British in India

A

Divided into Hindu/muslim kingdoms

31
Q

The Mughal Empire

A

Founded by Babur- Descendant of Genghis Khan

Greatest emperor

32
Q

The Impact of Portugal

A

At first dominated trade, but then had to fight the Dutch for it

33
Q

The Impact of England

A

Established trading posts at surat, Fort William, and, Mudras (French takes over trade, biggest rival)

34
Q

The Impact of Dutch

A

Abandoned the spice trade

35
Q

The Impact of French

A

Established fort on east coast

36
Q

Sir Robert Clive

A
from England 
Consolidated British Control in Bengal 
Battle of Plassey- won- Pushed out french
East India Co.
Collected taxes for England
37
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Farm/ Hunted people
Extended rule in Mongolia/ Central Africa
Traded with Russia `

38
Q

Quing Dynasty

A

came from the manchus
Corrected social/economic ills
Kangxi/Qianlong - greatness of China is bc of them

39
Q

Western inroads

A

Russia(problem)- wanted skins/furs
England(problem)- replaced portugal as dominate trade
Trading post in Canton- only port for European trade (limited contact) Could stay in canton from oct-march

40
Q

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A

Shogun who unified Japan

41
Q

Opening to the West

A

Portuese- starting trading with Japan, and Francis Xavier was the first Jesuit missionary, at first accepted bc they brought new gadgets but the missionaries were kicked out

42
Q

The Americas

A

Spain/ Portugal established large empires

43
Q

The West Indies

A

English/French were first to colonize it
English: Held Barbados, Jaminca, and Bermuda
French: Helid Saint Domingue, Mrtinique, and Guaseloupe
Sugar Factories: High death rate, 200,000 back slaves producing 50,000 tons of sugar each year

44
Q

1602

A

Dutch Formed the New Netherlands

45
Q

1607

A

English formed Jamestown

46
Q

1663

A

Canada was under the French-Jacques Cartier-ST. Lawrence river
Samuel de Champlain- established Quebec

47
Q

The Impact of European Expansion (Conquered)

A

Altered the population of Africans
Changed/added European society
Increased war in Africa

Latin America: multicultural society

Brought horses/cattle- helped indians
new crop- wheat, sugar, sweet potatoes, Indian corn

missionaries:
built hospitals, schools, and orphanages
Went to Asia goodin China but got expelled in Japan

48
Q

The Impact of European Expansion (Conquerors)

A

More gold and silver- prices increased
Columbian exchange- exchanged plants (America- Potatoes, tobacco, chco) and animals(Europe- horses/cattle)
European culture was spread all over

49
Q

Gerardus Mercator

A

Projection- created a map that showed the sphere shape of the earth

50
Q

Causes of the economic conditions in the 16th century

A

Influx of metals

population increase- higher demand for land/ food

51
Q

economic conditions in the 16th century

A

Inflation
increase price
Lower standard of living

52
Q

Joint stock company

A

People bought shares of a company as an investment, while a board ran the company

53
Q

The bank of Amsterdam

A

Deposit/ transfer system- heavy in trading stocks

54
Q

The growth of commercial capitalism

A

Shipbuilding
mining
metallurgy
All useful in the 16th century

55
Q

Mercantilism

A

total volume of trade is unchangeable
protected economics by hoarding metals
goods imported were of lesser value the the ones being exported in order to keep the balance of trade