Chapter 14 - Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements

Question 1

Prescription Drugs

Answer 1

Medicinal drugs available to the public only when approved by a medical professional and dispensed by a licensed pharmacist.

Question 2

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs

Answer 2

Medicinal drugs available to the public without the requirement of a prescription. They are often referred to as nonprescription drugs.

Question 3

Dietary Supplements

Answer 3

Products (other than tobacco), distributed with the intention of supplementing the diet, that contain a vitamin, mineral, amino acid, herb, or other botanical product, enzyme, organ tissue, metabolites, or any combination of these substances.

Question 4

Phase 1 Trials

Answer 4

The first stage of clinical testing, in which an experimental drug is administered to healthy volunteers to check for possible side effects and determine patterns of absorption and elimination.

Question 5

Phase 2 Trials

Answer 5

The second stage of clinical testing, in which an experimental drug is given to a small population of patients who have the medical condition for which the drug is considered a possible treatment.

Question 6

Phase 3 Trials

Answer 6

The third stage of clinical testing, in which an experimental drug is given to a large population of patients, through which issues of safety, effectiveness, and proper dosage levels are finalized.

Question 7

Phase 4 Trials

Answer 7

The fourth stage of clinical testing, in which possible adverse reactions to a drug that is already available to the public are monitored by physicians who have prescribed it.

Question 8

Patent

Answer 8

The exclusive right of a drug company to market a particular drug. The duration of a patent is twenty years.

Question 9

Bioequivalence

Answer 9

A characteristic of two drugs in which all pharmacological and physiological effects are identical.

Question 10

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Answer 10

Any of a group of OTC analgesics (including aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen) or prescription analgesics (Celebrex) that are unlike cortisone-based drugs but nonetheless reduce pain and swelling caused by injury or disease.

Question 11

Salicylic Acid

Answer 11

A drug developed in the nineteenth century to treat mild to moderate pain. It is extremely irritating to the stomach.

Question 12

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

Answer 12

A modification of salicylic acid that make the drug less irritating to the stomach without reducing its analgesic powers.

Question 13

Aspirin

Answer 13

Any analgesic drug containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

Question 14

Anti-Inflammatory

Answer 14

Having an effect that reduces inflammation or soreness.

Question 15

Antipyretic

Answer 15

Having an effect that reduces body temperature and fever.

Question 16

Prostaglandins

Answer 16

Hormone-like substances that are blocked by many OTC analgesic drugs.

Question 17

Reye’s Syndrome

Answer 17

A rare but very dangerous childhood disorder that has been associated with the administration of ASA-type analgesic drugs for the treatment of certain viral infections.

Question 18

Acetaminophen

Answer 18

A type of OTC analgesic drug. A major brand name is Tylenol.

Question 19

Ibuprofen

Answer 19

A type of OTC analgesic drug. Major brand names include Advil, Motrin, and Nuprin.

Question 20

Naproxen

Answer 20

An analgesic drug, formerly available only by prescription (brand names: Naprosyn and Anaprox). It is now available as an OTC drug under the brand name Aleve.

Question 21

Diphenhydramine

Answer 21

One of two FDA-approved active ingredients in OTC sleep-aid products, such as Nytol and Sleepinal.

Question 22

Doxylamine Succinate

Answer 22

One of two FDA-approved active ingredients in OTC sleep-aid products, such as Unisom.