Chapter 10 - Nicotine and Tobacco Use

Question 1

Snuff

Answer 1

A quantity of finely shredded or powdered tobacco. Modern forms of snuff are available in either dry of moist forms.

Question 2

Snuffing

Answer 2

The ingestion of snuff either by inhalation or by absorption through the tissue in the nose.

Question 3

Cigars

Answer 3

Tightly rolled quantities of rolled tobacco leaves.

Question 4

Cigarettes

Answer 4

Rolls of shredded tobacco wrapped in paper, today usually fitted at the mouth end with a filter.

Question 5

Sidestream Smoke

Answer 5

Tobacco smoke that is inhaled by non-smokers from the burning cigarettes of nearby smokers. Also referred to as environmental tobacco smoke.

Question 6

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

Answer 6

Tobacco smoke in the atmosphere as a result of burning cigarettes; also called side stream or secondary smoke.

Question 7

Mainstream Smoke

Answer 7

The smoke inhaled directly from cigarettes of other tobacco products.

Question 8

Particulate Phase

Answer 8

Those components of smoke that consist of particles.

Question 9

Tar

Answer 9

A sticky material found in the particulate phase of tobacco smoke and other pollutants in the air.

Question 10

Gaseous Phase

Answer 10

The portion of tobacco smoke that consists of gasses.

Question 11

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 11

An extremely toxic gas that prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Question 12

Cilia

Answer 12

Small hair cells.

Question 13

Ciliary Escalator

Answer 13

The pushing of inhaled foreign particles, which might interfere with breathing, upward from the air passages into the throat, where that can be swallowed and excreted through the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 14

Nicotine

Answer 14

The prime psychoactive drug un tobacco products.

Question 15

Titration Hypothesis

Answer 15

The idea that smokes will adjust their smoking of cigarettes in such a way as to maintain a steady input of nicotine into the body.

Question 16

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Answer 16

Disease that damages the heart as a result of a restriction of blood flow through coronary arteries.

Question 17

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 17

A disease in which blood flow is restricted because the walls of arteries harden and lose their elasticity.

Question 18

Atherosclerosis

Answer 18

A disease in which blood flow is restricted because of the buildup of fatty deposits inside arteries.

Question 19

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 19

A disease in which there is an interruption of or reduction in blood flow to the brain, causing paralysis, sensory loss, cognitive deficits, or a combination of neuropsychological effects.

Question 20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 20

A group of diseases characterized by impaired breathing due to an abnormality in the air passages.

Question 21

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 21

A respiratory disease involving inflammation of bronchial tissue following a buildup of excess mucus in air passages.

Question 22

Emphysema

Answer 22

An enlargement of air sacs in the lungs and abnormalities in the air sac walls, causing great difficulty in breathing.

Question 23

Carcinomas

Answer 23

Cancerous tumors or growths.

Question 24

Leukoplakia

Answer 24

Small white spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indicating precancerous tissue.

Question 25

Erythroplakia

Answer 25

Small red spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indicating precancerous tissue.

Question 26

Nitrosamines

Answer 26

A group of carcinogenic compounds found in tobacco.

Question 27

Moist Snuff

Answer 27

Damp, finely shredded tobacco, placed inside the cheek or alongside the gum under the lower lip.