Chapter 13 - Depressants and Inhalents Flashcards
Sedative-Hypnotics
A category of depressant drugs that provide a sense of calm and sleep.
Anti-Anxiety Drugs
Medications that make the used feel more peaceful or tranquil; also called tranquilizers.
Inhalants
Chemicals that produce breathable vapors. The produce euphoriant and depressant effects when sniffed or inhaled.
Barbiturate
A drug within a family of depressants derived from barbituric acid and used as a sedative-hypnotic and anti-epileptic medication.
Phenobarbital
A long-acting barbiturate drug, usually marketed in generic term.
Amobarbital
An intermediate-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Amytal.
Phenobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Nembutal.
Secobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate drug. Brand name is Seconal.
REM-Sleep Rebound
A phenomenon associated with the withdrawal of barbiturate drugs in which the quantity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increases, resulting in disturbed sleep and nightmares.
Chloral Hydrate
A depressant drug once used for the treatment of insomnia. It is highly reactive with alcohol and can severely irritate the stomach.
Methaqualone
A non-barbiturate depressant drug once used as a sedative. Brand name is Quaalude.
Meprobamate
A non-barbiturate anti-anxiety drug and sedative. Brand name is Miltown.
Benzodiazepines
A family of anti-anxiety drugs. Examples include diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), and triazolam (Halcion).
Chlordizepoxide
A major benzodiazepine drug for the treatment of anxiety. Brand name is Librium.
Diazepam
A major benzodiazepine drug for the treatment of anxiety. Brand name is Valium.
Zolpidem
A non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug, first introduced in 1993, for the treatment of insomnia. Brand name is Ambien.
Eszopiclone
A non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, first introduced in 2005, for the treatment of insomnia. Brand name in Lunesta.
Buspirone
A non-benzodiazepine anti-anxiety drug first introduced in 1986. Brand name is BuSpar.
Beta Blockers
Medicinal drugs that are traditionally used to treat cardiac and blood pressure disorders. They are also prescribed for individuals who suffer from “stage fright” or anxiety regarding a specific event. Examples include atenolol (brand name: Tenormin), metoprolol (brand name: Lopressor), and propanolol (brand name: Inderal).
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
A powerful depressant often abused to induce euphoria and sedation. When slipped into an alcoholic beverage without the knowledge of the drinker, GHB has been employed as a date-rape drug.
Nitrous Oxide
An analgesic gas commonly used in modern dentistry. It is also referred to as laughing gas.
Whippets
Small canisters containing pressurized nitrous oxide.
Hypoxia
A deficiency in oxygen intake.
Ether
An anesthetic drug first introduced to surgical practice by William T. Morton in the 1840s. It is highly flammable.
Acetone
A chemical found in nail polish removers and other products.
Benzene
A carcinogenic (cancer-producing) compound found in many solvent products, representing a serious health risk when inhaled.
Hexane
A dangerous compound present in many glues and adhesive products. Inhalation of theses products has been associated with muscle weakness and atrophy.
Toluene
A compound in glues, cements, and other adhesive products. Inhalation of these products results in the behavioral and neurological impairments.
Triorthocresyl Phosphate (TCP)
A gasoline additive. Inhalations of TCP-containing gasoline has been linked to spastic muscle disorders and liver problems.
Oil of Mustard
An additive in Testor brand hobby-kit glues that produces nasal irritation when inhaled, thus reducing the potential for inhalant abuse.
