Chapter 14 - Integration of Nervous System Functions

Question 1

Nociceptors

Answer 1

Pain (extreme mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli)

Question 2

Propioceptors

Answer 2

-Detect stretch
-Associated with joints, tendons

Question 3

Free nerve endings

Answer 3

-Most common
-Temperature

Question 4

Merkel disks

Answer 4

Light touch, superficial pressure

Question 5

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 5

-Deep cutaneous pressure, vibration
-Involved in proprioception in joints

Question 6

Meissner corpuscles

Answer 6

Two-point discrimination

Question 7

Ruffini end organ

Answer 7

-Fingertips
-Continuous touch or pressure

Question 8

Muscle spindles

Answer 8

-3-10 specialized skeletal muscle cells
-Provide info about length of muscle

Question 9

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 9

-Proprioceptors associated with tendons
-Respond to increased tension

Question 10

Primary receptors

Answer 10

Axons conduct APs in response to receptor potential

Question 11

Secondary receptors

Answer 11

-Cause the release of neurotransmitters that bind to a receptor on a neuron and cause an AP
-Smell, taste, hearing, balance

Question 12

Tonic receptors

Answer 12

-Proprioceptors
-Accommodate very slowly

Question 13

Phasic receptors

Answer 13

-Proprioceptors
-Accommodate rapidly

Question 14

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 14

-Major stimuli pathway to brain
-Primary neuron synapses with interneuron, secondary neuron crosses to other side and enters spinothalamic tract, tertiary neuron is thalamus to sensory cortex

Question 15

Dorsal-Column/Medial-Lemniscal
System

Answer 15

-Neurons don’t cross over
-Fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus: below and above midthorax, respectively

Question 16

Trigeminothalamic Tract

Answer 16

-Joins spinothalamic tract in brainstem
-Similar sensory info, but from face

Question 17

Spinocerebellar Tracts

Answer 17

Carries proprioceptive info (mostly unconscious)

Question 18

Prefrontal motor area

Answer 18

Motivation/foresight to plan movements

Question 19

Direct motor pathways

Answer 19

-Maintenance of muscle tone
-Controlling speed/precision of skilled movements
-Corticospinal and corticobulbar

Question 20

Indirect motor pathways

Answer 20

-Extrapyramidal system
-Less precise movements

Question 21

Reticular activating system

Answer 21

-In brainstem
-Controls sleep/wake

Question 22

Wernicke area

Answer 22

Sensory speech

Question 23

Broca area

Answer 23

Motor speech

Question 24

Left brain

Answer 24

-Mathematics
-Speech

Question 25

Right brain

Answer 25

-3D/spatial perception
-Facial recognition
-Musical ability

Question 26

Alpha brain waves

Answer 26

Resting with eyes closed

Question 27

Beta brain waves

Answer 27

Intense mental activity

Question 28

Theta brain waves

Answer 28

-Children
-Adults experiencing frustration or brain disorder

Question 29

Delta brain waves

Answer 29

-Infants
-Deep sleep
-Severe brain disorder