Chapter 10 - Gross Muscular Anatomy Flashcards
Flexors of elbow
-Brachialis
-Biceps brachii
-Brachioradialis
Extensors of elbow
-Triceps brachii
-Aconeus
What are the things muscles are named according to?
-Shape
-Size
-Location
-Function
-Orientation of fascicles
-Origin/insertion
-Number of heads
Class 1 Levers
-Fulcrum is between the weight and the force
-Ex a seesaw, or the head movement at the atlantoocipital joint
Class 2 Levers
-Weight is between fulcrum and pull
-Ex wheelbarrow, or standing on toes (metatarsophalangeal joint)
Class 3 Levers
-Pull is located between fulcrum and weight
-Ex person with a shovel
-Ex biceps brachii with elbow as fulcrum
Four muscle groups of the rib cage
-Scalenes
-External intercostals
-Internal intercostals and transverse thoracis
-Diaphram
Scalenes
-Rib muscle group
-Elevate 1st two ribs during inspiration
External intercostals
-Rib muscle group
-Elevate the ribs
Internal intercostals and transverse thoracis
-Rib muscle group
-Depress ribs during expiration
Diaphram
-Rib muscle group
-Responsible for normal, quiet breathing
-Flattens during contraction and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity (resulting in inspiration)
Palatopharyngeus
Elevates the pharynx while swallowing
Salpingopharyngeus
Constricts pharynx from superior to inferior, forcing food into esophagus
Rectus muscles of eyeball
-Insert on sclera anterior to center of sphere
-Move eyeball laterally, superiorly, inferiorly, and medially
Oblique muscles of eyeball
-Insert into posterolateral margin of eyeball
-Both laterally deviate the eyeball
Transversus abdominis
Compresses abdominal wall
Pelvic diaphragm
-Funnel-shaped
-Supports pelvic viscera
-Pierced by anal canal, urethra, and vagina
Perineum
-Diamond-shaped area inferior to pelvic diaphragm
-Anterior half is urogenital triangle
-Posterior half is anal triangle
Deltoid movements
-Abducts and medially and laterally rotates the arm
-Acts as flexor and extensor of the shoulder (with pectoralis major)
Muscles that attach arm to thorax
-Latissimus dorsi
-Pectoralis major
Rotator cuff
-Subscapularis
-Infraspinatus
-Supraspinatus
-Teres minor
Rotator cuff movements
-Flexion
-Extension
-Abduction
-Adduction
-Rotation
-Circumduction
Muscles involved in supination of forearm
-Supinator
-Biceps brachii
Muscles involved in pronation of forearm
-Pronator quadratus
-Pronator teres
Quadriceps femoralis movement
Extension of leg at knee
Sartorius movement
-Flexes hip and knee
-Laterally rotates thigh
Hamstrings movement
Flexion and rotation of knee
Rectus femoralis movement
Flexes the hip
Three leg compartments
-Lateral
-Anterior
-Posterior
Lateral leg compartment movements
-Plantar flexion
-Eversion
Anterior leg compartment movements
-Extensors involved in dorsiflexion and eversion/inversion of foot
-Extension of toes
Posterior leg compartment movements
-Superficial muscles (plantar tendon) have common tendon of insertion - Achilles
-Deep muscles: plantar flex, invert foot
Contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would …
Lateral flex and rotate the head to the left
What muscle is used to walk on the ball of the foot (tip toe)?
Gastrocnemius
What muscle extends the digits 2-5 on the foot?
Extensor digitorum longus
Deep ankle extensors
-Tibialis posterior
-Fibularis longus
-Fibularis brevis
Ankle extensors
-Plantaris
-Gastrocneumius
-Soleus
-Fibularis brevis
Digital flexors
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Flexor hallucis longus
Flexors of the knee
-Biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
-Semimembranosus
-Sartorius
-Popliteus
Extensors of the knee
-Rectus femoris
-Vastus lateralis
-Vastus medialis
Gluteal group
-Gluteus maximus
-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
-Tensor fasciae latae
Ankle flexors
Tibialis anterior
Digital extensors
Extensor digitorum longus
