Chapter 12 - Spinal cord, meninges, tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Tapered inferior end of spinal cord

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2
Q

Cauda equina

A

Origins of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullaris

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3
Q

Layers of meninges (superficial to deep)

A

-Dura mater
-Arachnoid mater
-Pia mater

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4
Q

Dura mater

A

-Layer of CT around spinal cord
-Continuous with the epineurium of spinal nerves
-Most superficial layer

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5
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

-Layer of CT around spinal cord
-Thin and wispy
-Middle layer

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6
Q

Pia mater

A

-Layer of CT around spinal cord
-Bound tightly to surface of brain and spinal cord
-Deepest layer

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7
Q

Epidural space

A

-Space between periosteum and dura mater
-Contains blood vessels, areolar CT, and fat

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8
Q

Subdural space

A

-Space between dura mater and arachnoid mater
-Contains serous fluid

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9
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

-Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
-Contains CSF and blood vessels within web-like strands of arachnoid tissue

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10
Q

Commissures

A

Connections between left and right halves of the spinal cord

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11
Q

Roots

A

-Spinal nerves arise as rootlets, then combine to form roots
-Dorsal and ventral root that merge laterally to form a spinal nerve
-Dorsal root has a ganglion

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12
Q

Components of the reflex arc

A

-Sensory receptor
-Sensory neuron
-Interneuron
-Motor neuron
-Effector organ

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13
Q

Stretch reflex

A

-Muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them
-No interneuron

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14
Q

Golgi tendon reflex

A

-Prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons
-Prevents damage to tendons
-Produces sudden relaxation of muscles

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15
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

-Removes a body part from a painful stimulus
-Reciprocal innervation

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16
Q

Reciprocal innervation

A

-Causes relaxation of extensor muscle when flexor muscle contracts
-Involved in stretch and withdrawal reflexes

17
Q

Endoneurium

A

Layer of CT that surrounds individual neurons

18
Q

Perineurium

A

Layer of CT that surrounds axon groups to form fasicles

19
Q

Epineurium

A

Layer of CT that surrounds the entire nerve

20
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Innervates deep muscles of the trunk responsible for movements of the vertebral column, and CT/skin near the midline of the back

21
Q

Ventral ramus

A

What they innervate depends on which part of the spinal cord is being considered

22
Q

Cervical plexus

A

-C1-C4
-Innervates superficial neck structures, skin of neck, posterior portion of head
-Ansa cervicalis
-Phrenic nerve

23
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

-In cervical and brachial plexuses
-C3-C5
-Innervates diaphragm

24
Q

Brachial plexus

A

-C5-T1
-5 ventral rami form 3 trunks that split into 6 divisions that form cords that give rise to 5 nerves
-Branches: Axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median, etc

25
Axillary nerve
-Originates from posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5-C6) -Laterally rotates arm (teres minor) -Abducts arm (deltoid) -Cutaneously innervates inferior lateral shoulder
26
Median nerve
-Originates from median and lateral cords of brachial plexus (C5-T1) -Pronates forearm and hand (pronator teres/quadratus) -Flexes (palmaris longus) and abducts wrist (flexor carpi radialis) -Flexes fingers -Controls thumb muscle -Controls thenar muscles -Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints, extends interphalangeal joints -Cutaneously innervates lateral 2/3s of hand
27
Lumbar and sacral plexuses
-Lumbar: Ventral rami of L1-L4 -Sacral: Ventral rami of L4-S4 -Branches: Obturator, femoral, tibial, common fibular (peroneal)
28
Coccygeal plexus
-S5 -Coccygeal nerve -Sensory info from skin over coccyx
29
Ansa cervicalis
Loop between C1 and C3