Chapter 13 - Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Four major divisions of the brain
-Brainstem
-Cerebellum
-Diencephalon
-Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
-Most inferior part of brainstem
-Has pyramids
-Where inferior fibers decussate
-Olives - nuclei within help with balance, coordination, modulation of sound
-Has nuclei of cranial nerves V, IX-XII
Pons
-Superior to medulla oblongata
-Pontine nuclei - relay between cerebrum and cerebellum
-Sleep and respiratory centers
Midbrain
-Superior to pons
-Nuclei of cranial nerves III-V
-Tectum - four nuclei form mounds (2 superior colliculi involved in visual reflexes, 2 inferior involved in hearing)
-Red nuclei - unconscious regulation/coordination of motor activities
-Tegmentum (ascending tracts)
Reticular formation
-Group of nuclei scattered throughout brainstem
-Arousal, sleep/wake cycle, awareness, posture, pain
-Help coordinate breathing, swallowing, heart rate
Cerebellum major features
-Posterior to pons
-Ridges (folia)
-Arbor vitae
-More neurons than entire cerebral cortex
-Flocculonodular lobe, vermis, and lateral hemispheres
-Peduncles to communicate
Cerebellum functions
-Control of muscle movement/tone
-Balance
-Regulate extent of intentional movement
-Learning motor skills
Purkinje cells
-Largest cells in CNS
-Inhibitory
-Receive input from 200,000 synapses
Thalamus
-Sensory info synapses here before projecting to cerebrum
-Lateral portions connected by interthalamic adhesion
Subthalamus
-Functions as part of subcortical basal nuclei in controlling motor function
-Contains subthalamic nuceli
Epithalamus
-Superior and posterior to thalamus
-Habenula (motivation control, behavior)
-Pineal gland (sleep/wake cycle, biorhythms)
Hypothalamus
-Most inferior part of diencephalon
-Mammillary bodies (odors)
-Infundibulum (controls endocrine system)
-Regulates mood (etc)
Central sulcus
-Separates frontal and parietal lobes
-Between precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus
Cerebral medulla
White matter between cortex and nuclei
Basal nuclei
Gray matter within medulla
