Chapter 13 - Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Four major divisions of the brain

A

-Brainstem
-Cerebellum
-Diencephalon
-Cerebrum

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2
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

-Most inferior part of brainstem
-Has pyramids
-Where inferior fibers decussate
-Olives - nuclei within help with balance, coordination, modulation of sound
-Has nuclei of cranial nerves V, IX-XII

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3
Q

Pons

A

-Superior to medulla oblongata
-Pontine nuclei - relay between cerebrum and cerebellum
-Sleep and respiratory centers

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4
Q

Midbrain

A

-Superior to pons
-Nuclei of cranial nerves III-V
-Tectum - four nuclei form mounds (2 superior colliculi involved in visual reflexes, 2 inferior involved in hearing)
-Red nuclei - unconscious regulation/coordination of motor activities
-Tegmentum (ascending tracts)

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5
Q

Reticular formation

A

-Group of nuclei scattered throughout brainstem
-Arousal, sleep/wake cycle, awareness, posture, pain
-Help coordinate breathing, swallowing, heart rate

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6
Q

Cerebellum major features

A

-Posterior to pons
-Ridges (folia)
-Arbor vitae
-More neurons than entire cerebral cortex
-Flocculonodular lobe, vermis, and lateral hemispheres
-Peduncles to communicate

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7
Q

Cerebellum functions

A

-Control of muscle movement/tone
-Balance
-Regulate extent of intentional movement
-Learning motor skills

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8
Q

Purkinje cells

A

-Largest cells in CNS
-Inhibitory
-Receive input from 200,000 synapses

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9
Q

Thalamus

A

-Sensory info synapses here before projecting to cerebrum
-Lateral portions connected by interthalamic adhesion

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10
Q

Subthalamus

A

-Functions as part of subcortical basal nuclei in controlling motor function
-Contains subthalamic nuceli

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11
Q

Epithalamus

A

-Superior and posterior to thalamus
-Habenula (motivation control, behavior)
-Pineal gland (sleep/wake cycle, biorhythms)

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-Most inferior part of diencephalon
-Mammillary bodies (odors)
-Infundibulum (controls endocrine system)
-Regulates mood (etc)

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13
Q

Central sulcus

A

-Separates frontal and parietal lobes
-Between precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

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14
Q

Cerebral medulla

A

White matter between cortex and nuclei

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15
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Gray matter within medulla

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16
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

17
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Primary somatic sensory cortex

18
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Reception/evaluation of sensory info except smell, hearing, or vision

19
Q

Cerebral medulla

A

White matter between cortex and nuclei

20
Q

Projection fibers

A

Tracts between the cerebrum and other parts of the brain and spinal cord

21
Q

Association fibers

A

Connections within the same hemisphere

22
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Connect one hemisphere to the other

23
Q

Basal nuclei

A

-Motor function control
-Found in the midbrain, cerebrum, diencephalon

24
Q

Limbic system

A

-Part of cerebrum and diencephalon
-Basic survival functions (memory, reproduction, nutrition)
-Emotions
-Cingulate gyrus and hippocampus in cerebrum

25
Layers of dura mater
-Periosteal dura -Meningeal dura -Has folds
26
Falx cerebri
Dura mater fold in longitundinal fissue between hemispheres
27
Tentorium cerebelli
Dura mater fold between cerebellum and cerebrum
28
Falx cerebelli
Dura mater fold between two cerebellar hemispheres
29
Choroid plexuses
Produce CSF
30
Arteries to the brain
-Internal carotids -Vertebral arteries (join to form basilar artery) -Cerebral arterial circle