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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 11 - Nervous Tissue Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Nervous Tissue Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Plexus

A

Extensive network of axons, and sometimes neuron cell bodies, located outside the CNS

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3
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

-Maintain homeostasis
-Receiving sensory input
-Integrating information
-Controlling muscles and glands
-Establishing and maintaining mental activity

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4
Q

Sympathetic division of ANS

A

Prepares body for physical activity

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5
Q

Parasympathetic division of ANS

A

Regulates resting functions such as digesting food or emptying the bladder

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6
Q

Enteric division of ANS

A

Plexuses within the walls of the digestive tract

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7
Q

Nissl bodies

A

Rough ER of neurons

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8
Q

Glial cells of the CNS

A

-Astrocytes
-Ependymal cells
-Microglia
-Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

Glial cells of the PNS

A

-Schwann cells
-Satellite cells

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10
Q

Astrocytes

A

-Processes form feet that cover surfaces
-Regulate (blood brain barrier)
-Regulate extracellular brain fluid composition

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11
Q

Ependymal cells

A

-Line brain ventricles and central canal
-Specialized versions form choroid plexus

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12
Q

Choroid plexus

A

-Secrete CSF
-Cilia help CSF move through brain
-Long processes that extend through brain tissue, similar functions to astrocytes sometimes

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13
Q

Microglia

A

Specialized macrophages

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14
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

-Form myelin sheaths of surrounding axon
-Can form sheaths around several axons

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15
Q

Schwann cells

A

-Form myelin sheath around only one axon
-Wrap around many times

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16
Q

Satellite cells

A

-Surround neuron cell bodies in sensory ganglia
-Provide support and nutrients

17
Q

Gray matter

A

-Unmyelinated axons
-Cell bodies
-Dendrites
-Glia
-Integrative functions
-Outer cortex in brain, deeper in spinal cord

18
Q

White matter

A

-Myelinated axons
-Nerve tracts propagate actin potentials from one area to another in CNS
-Deep to cortex in brain, outer part of spinal cord (forms nerve tracts)

19
Q

Ganglia

A

-PNS gray matter
-Groups of cell bodies

20
Q

What is the most common way neuron cells become depolarized?

A

Sodium ions - if the gated sodium channels open, sodium ions diffuse into the cells and the inside becomes more positive

21
Q

What is the most common way neuron cells become hyperpolarized?

A

Potassium ions - if their gated channels open, they diffuse out of the cell, and the inside of the cell becomes more negative

22
Q

Subthreshold stimulus

A

Does not cause a graded potential that is great enough to initiate an action potential

23
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

Causes a graded potential that is great enough to initiate an action potential

24
Q

Maximal stimulus

A

Just strong enough to produce a maximum frequency of action potentials

25
Q

Submaximal stimulus

A

All stimuli between threshold and the maximal stimulus strength

26
Q

Supramaximal stimulus

A

-Any stimulus stronger than maximal stimulus
-These stimuli cannot produce a greater frequency of action potentials than a maximal stimulus

27
Q

Type A Nerve Fibers

A

-Large diameter
-Myelinated
-Motor neurons supplying skeletal and most sensory neurons

28
Q

Type B Nerve Fibers

A

-Medium diameter
-Lightly myelinated
-Part of ANS

29
Q

Type C Nerve Fibers

A

-Small diameter
-Unmyelinated
-Part of ANS

30
Q

Electrical synapse

A

-Cells connected by gap junctions
-Found in cardiac and many types of smooth muscle
-Where contractile ability among cells is important

31
Q

Major chemical classes of neurotransmitters

A

-Acetylcholine
-Biogenic amines
-Amino acids
-Purines
-Neuropeptides
-Gases and lipids

32
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

A

-Depolarization occurs and response is stimulatory
-Depolarization may reach threshold and trigger action potential

33
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A

-Hyperpolarization, response is inhibitory
-Decreases likelihood of action potential occuring

34
Q

What ion is needed to release a neurotransmitter from the synaptic vesicles?

A

Calcium

35
Q

After the creation of an action potential when the refractory period is complete, the neuron…

A

Returns to its original polarity

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

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