Chapter 14 Foam Flashcards
Mechanical foams are the most common in use. The foam must have 3 things done to work, they are:
Proportioned mixed with water
Aerated mixed with air
Educted
Pg 480
Foam concentrate
Raw foam liquid in its storage container before being combine with water and air
Pg 480
Foam proportioner
Deice that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate in to the water stream to make the foam solution
Pg 480
Foam solution
Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the intoduction of air
Pg 480
Foam
Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution
Pg 480
Class b fuels are divided into two categories
Hydrocarbons and
Polar solvents
Pg 480
Hydrocarbon fuels such as crude oil, fuel oil are petroleum based and have a specific gravity of:
Less then one. They float on water
Pg 480
Class b is effective on hydrocarbon fuel fires because:
It floats on the surface and suppresses the vapors
Pg 480
Polar solvents include: alcohol, acetone, ketones, esters. They are miscible which. Means they:
Mix with water. Class B foam is not effective with them
Pg 480
Foam extinguishes or suppresses vapors by the following methods:
Separating Creating a barrier
Cooling: lowering the temp
Suppressing or smothering: prevents the release of flammable vapors reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition
Pg 481
Fire fighting foam creates a ______ or ______ on the burning or exposed fuel.
Film or blanket
Pg 481
As foam begins to breakdown______ is released providing a cooling effect on the fuel suppressing the process of heat producing oxidation.
Water
Pg 481
Foam concentrates are generally. Intended to be mixed with:
Fresh or salt water
Pg 482
In order to achieve maximum effectiveness foam concentrates must be proportioned at the:
Percentage specified by the manufacturer. This percentage is marked on each foam container for easy reference.
Pg 482
Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with ______ to ______ percent water:
94-99
Pg 482
Class A foam is formulated to be preportioned at _____ to ______ concentrate
0.1-1 percent
Pg 482
Foam is proportioned using one of four basic methods:
Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing
Pg 482/483
The induction method of proportioning foam uses:
The pressure of water stream to induct (draft) foam concentrate into the fire stream. Water passes through a venturi device called an eductor.
Pg 483
The injection method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate:
Into the fire stream at the proper ratio. These are most commonly used in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems
P 483
Batch mixing occurs when:
An appropriate amt of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water. Most commonly used with class A foams
Pg 483
When batch mixing class b foam concentrates tank water must be:
Circulated to ensure proper mixing before discharge
Pg 484
Premixing is a common method of proportioning in which:
Premeasured portions of water and foam concenrate are mixed in a container.
Pg 484
Premixing is typically used with:
Portable and wheeled extinguishers, skid mounted twin agent units, and apparatus mounted tank systems
Pg 484
Foam solution is stored in 4 methods:
Pails, Barrels Totes Apparatus tanks Pg 484
Pails size for foam is:
5 gallon plastic pails
Pg 485
Barrels of foam are sized:
55 gallon
Pg 485
Totes of foam concentrate are sized:
275 gallons
Pg 485
Foam concentrate tanks on municipal apparatus range from ________ to _______. Foam pumpers or tenders can carry ________ or more of concentrate
20-200
Tenders 8000
Pg 485
Smaller foam concentrate tans are often located:
Above the fire pump area
Pg 486
Regardless o the type of tank foam storage must be:
Airtight
Pg 486
The formula of class A foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants that:
Reduce the surface tension of water in the foam solution
Pg 487
Class A foam may be used with _____ nozzles:
Fog, aerating foam nozzles, medium and high expansion devices, cafs.
Pg 487
The shelf life of class A foam is:
20 years
Pg 487
Fire attack class A foam percentage of concentrate is:
0.2-0.5
Pg 488
Exposure protection class A foam proportion is:
0.5-1 percent concentrate
Pg 488
Any application with air aspirating foam nozzles should be done at_________ percent concentrate
0.3-0.7
Pg 488
Any application with cafs should be proportioned at__________ percent
0.2-0.5
Pg 488
The application rate refers to the minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to a fire:
Per minute, per square foot of fire
Pg 488
The application rate for class A foam is the same as he minimum required flow rate for:
Water
Pg 488
Several elements affect the breakdown process of foam. They are:
The heat of the fire
The height of a flame front in wildfire
The ambient air temperature and prevailing wind conditions.
Pg 488
Class B foam is applied to suppress fires involving:
Flammable and combustible liquids
Pg 488
Synthetic foam is made of:
A mixture of fluorosurfactants
Pg 489
Protein based foam is derived from:
Animal protein
Pg 489
Class b foam should be stored in a cool dry area. Shelf life for protein based is:
Synthetic shelf life is:
10 years
20-25 years for synthetic
Pg 489
When ready for immediate use similar concentrates of AFFF and fluoroprotein may be:
Mixed together immediately before application
Pg 489
Mil spec may be mixed at:
Any time with no adverse effects
Pg 489
Generally protein based products of foam are considered safer for the
Environment
Pg 489
The concentration or hydrocarbon fuels is normally______ to _______ percent
For polar solvents it is_______ to ______ percent
1-3
3-6
Pg 490
Low expansion foam has a ratio of air/solution of:
20:1
Pg 490
Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of ______ to _______
20:1
200:1
Pg 490
when High expansion foam is used the expansion rate is from_________ to _________
200:1 to 1000:1
Pg 490
The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including:
He type of concentrate used Whether or not the fuel is on fire Type of fuel involved Whether the fuel is contained or uncontained Pg 498
Once you begin application of foam is should continue:
Without interruption from and uphill and upwind position until extinguishment is complete
Pg 491
In order to calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle,
Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire
Pg 491
Protein foams are derived from animal sources such as:
Hooves horns and feather meal
Pg 492
Fluoroprotein foam is a combination of:
Protein based foam and synthetic foam
Pg 492
Film forming fluoroproteing foam (fffp):
Fluoroproein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam
Pg 492
Aqueour film forming foam (afff) is currently the:
Most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate. Pg 492
AFFF formula consists of:
Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point
Pg 492
Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is avail for use on polar solvents: the concentrate is generally_____ to______ percent. It can also be used on hydrocarbons at a _____ to _____ %
3 to 6
1 to 6
Pg 493
High expansion foams are use at:
Concealed space fire such as cellars and coal mines or subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels or sewers
Pg 494
In general foam proportioning devices operate by one of two basic principles:
A venturi effect or a pressurized proportioning device
Pg 494
The inline eductor uses the_____ principle to draft foam concentrate:
Venturi
Pg 495
The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ______% of the eductor inlet pressure
70
Pg 495
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than _______ feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate:
6
Pg 495
The nozzle and ______ must have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully
Eductor
Pg 495
In a foam nozzle eductor the eductor is:
Built into the self educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline
Pg 496
Self educting master stream foam nozzle is deployed when flows exceed ______ gpm
350
Pg 496
A major advantage of the self educting nozzle is:
The pressure drop is much lower(10% or less) than most standard foam nozzle eductors
Pg 496
A jet ratio controller allows the foam concentrate supply to be located as far away as:
3000 feet away from a self educting master stream nozzle
Pg 497
Four foam application techniques:
Direct application Roll on method Bank down method Rain down method P 506
Direct appliction of foam:
Spraying directly on the burning material
Pg 506
Roll on method of application:
Spray the foam on the edge of the buring liquid and it will roll across the surface of the spill
Pg 506
Band down method:
Foam is directed onto a vertical surface and allowed to run down and across the pooled fuel
Pg 506
Rain down method
This is the most common method of application for aboveground storage tank fires. Foam is aimed in the air and allowed to rain down on the surface of the fuel
Pg 506
The primary concern regarding the environment impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after:
Application to a fire or spill
Pg 508
Generally known as durable or gelling agents:
Fire blocking gels or aqueous fire fighting gels retain their fire retarding properties longer than class A foam
Pg 508
Chemically gelling agents are:
Water absorbent polymers
Pg 509
When mixed with water durable agents ( gelling agents) form:
Small bubbles filled with water. These are nontoxic and biodegradable
Pg 509
When used as an extinguishing agent durable agents ration is 1:100
When used on a fire line is ____ to ____%
For structure protection _____ to _____%
1.5- 2%
2-3%
Pg 509
Synthetic foam is made of:
A mixture of fluorosurfactants
Pg 489
Protein based foam is derived from:
Animal protein
Pg 489
Class b foam should be stored in a cool dry area. Shelf life for protein based is:
Synthetic shelf life is:
10 years
20-25 years for synthetic
Pg 489
When ready for immediate use similar concentrates of AFFF and fluoroprotein may be:
Mixed together immediately before application
Pg 489
Mil spec may be mixed at:
Any time with no adverse effects
Pg 489
Generally protein based products of foam are considered safer for the
Environment
Pg 489
The concentration or hydrocarbon fuels is normally______ to _______ percent
For polar solvents it is_______ to ______ percent
1-3
3-6
Pg 490
Low expansion foam has a ratio of air/solution of:
20:1
Pg 490
Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of ______ to _______
20:1
200:1
Pg 490
when High expansion foam is used the expansion rate is from_________ to _________
200:1 to 1000:1
Pg 490
The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including:
He type of concentrate used Whether or not the fuel is on fire Type of fuel involved Whether the fuel is contained or uncontained Pg 498
Once you begin application of foam is should continue:
Without interruption from and uphill and upwind position until extinguishment is complete
Pg 491
In order to calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle,
Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire
Pg 491
Protein foams are derived from animal sources such as:
Hooves horns and feather meal
Pg 492
Fluoroprotein foam is a combination of:
Protein based foam and synthetic foam
Pg 492
Film forming fluoroproteing foam (fffp):
Fluoroproein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam
Pg 492
Aqueour film forming foam (afff) is currently the:
Most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate. Pg 492
AFFF formula consists of:
Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point
Pg 492
Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is avail for use on polar solvents: the concentrate is generally_____ to______ percent. It can also be used on hydrocarbons at a _____ to _____ %
3 to 6
1 to 6
Pg 493
High expansion foams are use at:
Concealed space fire such as cellars and coal mines or subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels or sewers
Pg 494
In general foam proportioning devices operate by one of two basic principles:
A venturi effect or a pressurized proportioning device
Pg 494
The inline eductor uses the_____ principle to draft foam concentrate:
Venturi
Pg 495
The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ______% of the eductor inlet pressure
70
Pg 495
The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than _______ feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate:
6
Pg 495
The nozzle and ______ must have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully
Eductor
Pg 495
In a foam nozzle eductor the eductor is:
Built into the self educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline
Pg 496
Self educting master stream foam nozzle is deployed when flows exceed ______ gpm
350
Pg 496
A major advantage of the self educting nozzle is:
The pressure drop is much lower(10% or less) than most standard foam nozzle eductors
Pg 496
A jet ratio controller allows the foam concentrate supply to be located as far away as:
3000 feet away from a self educting master stream nozzle
Pg 497
Four foam application techniques:
Direct application Roll on method Bank down method Rain down method P 506
Direct appliction of foam:
Spraying directly on the burning material
Pg 506
Roll on method of application:
Spray the foam on the edge of the buring liquid and it will roll across the surface of the spill
Pg 506
Band down method:
Foam is directed onto a vertical surface and allowed to run down and across the pooled fuel
Pg 506
Rain down method
This is the most common method of application for aboveground storage tank fires. Foam is aimed in the air and allowed to rain down on the surface of the fuel
Pg 506
The primary concern regarding the environment impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after:
Application to a fire or spill
Pg 508
Generally known as durable or gelling agents:
Fire blocking gels or aqueous fire fighting gels retain their fire retarding properties longer than class A foam
Pg 508
Chemically gelling agents are:
Water absorbent polymers
Pg 509
When mixed with water durable agents ( gelling agents) form:
Small bubbles filled with water. These are nontoxic and biodegradable
Pg 509
When used as an extinguishing agent durable agents ration is 1:100
When used on a fire line is ____ to ____%
For structure protection _____ to _____%
1.5- 2%
2-3%
Pg 509