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Pumping Apparatus > Chapter 14 Foam > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Foam Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical foams are the most common in use. The foam must have 3 things done to work, they are:

A

Proportioned mixed with water
Aerated mixed with air
Educted

Pg 480

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2
Q

Foam concentrate

A

Raw foam liquid in its storage container before being combine with water and air

Pg 480

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3
Q

Foam proportioner

A

Deice that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate in to the water stream to make the foam solution

Pg 480

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4
Q

Foam solution

A

Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the intoduction of air

Pg 480

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5
Q

Foam

A

Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution

Pg 480

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6
Q

Class b fuels are divided into two categories

A

Hydrocarbons and
Polar solvents

Pg 480

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7
Q

Hydrocarbon fuels such as crude oil, fuel oil are petroleum based and have a specific gravity of:

A

Less then one. They float on water

Pg 480

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8
Q

Class b is effective on hydrocarbon fuel fires because:

A

It floats on the surface and suppresses the vapors

Pg 480

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9
Q

Polar solvents include: alcohol, acetone, ketones, esters. They are miscible which. Means they:

A

Mix with water. Class B foam is not effective with them

Pg 480

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10
Q

Foam extinguishes or suppresses vapors by the following methods:

A

Separating Creating a barrier

Cooling: lowering the temp

Suppressing or smothering: prevents the release of flammable vapors reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition
Pg 481

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11
Q

Fire fighting foam creates a ______ or ______ on the burning or exposed fuel.

A

Film or blanket

Pg 481

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12
Q

As foam begins to breakdown______ is released providing a cooling effect on the fuel suppressing the process of heat producing oxidation.

A

Water

Pg 481

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13
Q

Foam concentrates are generally. Intended to be mixed with:

A

Fresh or salt water

Pg 482

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14
Q

In order to achieve maximum effectiveness foam concentrates must be proportioned at the:

A

Percentage specified by the manufacturer. This percentage is marked on each foam container for easy reference.

Pg 482

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15
Q

Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with ______ to ______ percent water:

A

94-99

Pg 482

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16
Q

Class A foam is formulated to be preportioned at _____ to ______ concentrate

A

0.1-1 percent

Pg 482

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17
Q

Foam is proportioned using one of four basic methods:

A

Induction
Injection
Batch mixing
Premixing

Pg 482/483

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18
Q

The induction method of proportioning foam uses:

A

The pressure of water stream to induct (draft) foam concentrate into the fire stream. Water passes through a venturi device called an eductor.

Pg 483

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19
Q

The injection method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate:

A

Into the fire stream at the proper ratio. These are most commonly used in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems
P 483

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20
Q

Batch mixing occurs when:

A

An appropriate amt of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water. Most commonly used with class A foams

Pg 483

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21
Q

When batch mixing class b foam concentrates tank water must be:

A

Circulated to ensure proper mixing before discharge

Pg 484

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22
Q

Premixing is a common method of proportioning in which:

A

Premeasured portions of water and foam concenrate are mixed in a container.

Pg 484

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23
Q

Premixing is typically used with:

A

Portable and wheeled extinguishers, skid mounted twin agent units, and apparatus mounted tank systems

Pg 484

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24
Q

Foam solution is stored in 4 methods:

A 
Pails,
Barrels
Totes
Apparatus tanks
Pg 484
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25
Q

Pails size for foam is:

A

5 gallon plastic pails

Pg 485

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26
Q

Barrels of foam are sized:

A

55 gallon

Pg 485

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27
Q

Totes of foam concentrate are sized:

A

275 gallons

Pg 485

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28
Q

Foam concentrate tanks on municipal apparatus range from ________ to _______. Foam pumpers or tenders can carry ________ or more of concentrate

A

20-200
Tenders 8000

Pg 485

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29
Q

Smaller foam concentrate tans are often located:

A

Above the fire pump area

Pg 486

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30
Q

Regardless o the type of tank foam storage must be:

A

Airtight

Pg 486

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31
Q

The formula of class A foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants that:

A

Reduce the surface tension of water in the foam solution

Pg 487

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32
Q

Class A foam may be used with _____ nozzles:

A

Fog, aerating foam nozzles, medium and high expansion devices, cafs.

Pg 487

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33
Q

The shelf life of class A foam is:

A

20 years

Pg 487

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34
Q

Fire attack class A foam percentage of concentrate is:

A

0.2-0.5

Pg 488

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35
Q

Exposure protection class A foam proportion is:

A

0.5-1 percent concentrate

Pg 488

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36
Q

Any application with air aspirating foam nozzles should be done at_________ percent concentrate

A

0.3-0.7

Pg 488

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37
Q

Any application with cafs should be proportioned at__________ percent

A

0.2-0.5

Pg 488

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38
Q

The application rate refers to the minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to a fire:

A

Per minute, per square foot of fire

Pg 488

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39
Q

The application rate for class A foam is the same as he minimum required flow rate for:

A

Water

Pg 488

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40
Q

Several elements affect the breakdown process of foam. They are:

A

The heat of the fire
The height of a flame front in wildfire
The ambient air temperature and prevailing wind conditions.

Pg 488

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41
Q

Class B foam is applied to suppress fires involving:

A

Flammable and combustible liquids

Pg 488

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42
Q

Synthetic foam is made of:

A

A mixture of fluorosurfactants

Pg 489

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43
Q

Protein based foam is derived from:

A

Animal protein

Pg 489

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44
Q

Class b foam should be stored in a cool dry area. Shelf life for protein based is:
Synthetic shelf life is:

A

10 years
20-25 years for synthetic

Pg 489

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45
Q

When ready for immediate use similar concentrates of AFFF and fluoroprotein may be:

A

Mixed together immediately before application

Pg 489

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46
Q

Mil spec may be mixed at:

A

Any time with no adverse effects

Pg 489

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47
Q

Generally protein based products of foam are considered safer for the

A

Environment

Pg 489

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48
Q

The concentration or hydrocarbon fuels is normally______ to _______ percent
For polar solvents it is_______ to ______ percent

A

1-3
3-6
Pg 490

49
Q

Low expansion foam has a ratio of air/solution of:

A

20:1

Pg 490

50
Q

Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of ______ to _______

A

20:1
200:1
Pg 490

51
Q

when High expansion foam is used the expansion rate is from_________ to _________

A

200:1 to 1000:1

Pg 490

52
Q

The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including:

A 
He type of concentrate used
Whether or not the fuel is on fire
Type of fuel involved
Whether the fuel is contained or uncontained
Pg 498
53
Q

Once you begin application of foam is should continue:

A

Without interruption from and uphill and upwind position until extinguishment is complete

Pg 491

54
Q

In order to calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle,

A

Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire

Pg 491

55
Q

Protein foams are derived from animal sources such as:

A

Hooves horns and feather meal

Pg 492

56
Q

Fluoroprotein foam is a combination of:

A

Protein based foam and synthetic foam

Pg 492

57
Q

Film forming fluoroproteing foam (fffp):

A

Fluoroproein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam

Pg 492

58
Q

Aqueour film forming foam (afff) is currently the:

A

Most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate. Pg 492

59
Q

AFFF formula consists of:

A

Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point

Pg 492

60
Q

Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is avail for use on polar solvents: the concentrate is generally_____ to______ percent. It can also be used on hydrocarbons at a _____ to _____ %

A

3 to 6
1 to 6

Pg 493

61
Q

High expansion foams are use at:

A

Concealed space fire such as cellars and coal mines or subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels or sewers

Pg 494

62
Q

In general foam proportioning devices operate by one of two basic principles:

A

A venturi effect or a pressurized proportioning device

Pg 494

63
Q

The inline eductor uses the_____ principle to draft foam concentrate:

A

Venturi

Pg 495

64
Q

The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ______% of the eductor inlet pressure

A

70

Pg 495

65
Q

The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than _______ feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate:

A

6

Pg 495

66
Q

The nozzle and ______ must have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully

A

Eductor

Pg 495

67
Q

In a foam nozzle eductor the eductor is:

A

Built into the self educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline

Pg 496

68
Q

Self educting master stream foam nozzle is deployed when flows exceed ______ gpm

A

350

Pg 496

69
Q

A major advantage of the self educting nozzle is:

A

The pressure drop is much lower(10% or less) than most standard foam nozzle eductors

Pg 496

70
Q

A jet ratio controller allows the foam concentrate supply to be located as far away as:

A

3000 feet away from a self educting master stream nozzle

Pg 497

71
Q

Four foam application techniques:

A 
Direct application
Roll on method
Bank down method
Rain down method
P 506
72
Q

Direct appliction of foam:

A

Spraying directly on the burning material

Pg 506

73
Q

Roll on method of application:

A

Spray the foam on the edge of the buring liquid and it will roll across the surface of the spill

Pg 506

74
Q

Band down method:

A

Foam is directed onto a vertical surface and allowed to run down and across the pooled fuel
Pg 506

75
Q

Rain down method

A

This is the most common method of application for aboveground storage tank fires. Foam is aimed in the air and allowed to rain down on the surface of the fuel

Pg 506

76
Q

The primary concern regarding the environment impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after:

A

Application to a fire or spill

Pg 508

77
Q

Generally known as durable or gelling agents:

A

Fire blocking gels or aqueous fire fighting gels retain their fire retarding properties longer than class A foam

Pg 508

78
Q

Chemically gelling agents are:

A

Water absorbent polymers

Pg 509

79
Q

When mixed with water durable agents ( gelling agents) form:

A

Small bubbles filled with water. These are nontoxic and biodegradable

Pg 509

80
Q

When used as an extinguishing agent durable agents ration is 1:100
When used on a fire line is ____ to ____%
For structure protection _____ to _____%

A

1.5- 2%
2-3%
Pg 509

81
Q

Synthetic foam is made of:

A

A mixture of fluorosurfactants

Pg 489

82
Q

Protein based foam is derived from:

A

Animal protein

Pg 489

83
Q

Class b foam should be stored in a cool dry area. Shelf life for protein based is:
Synthetic shelf life is:

A

10 years
20-25 years for synthetic

Pg 489

84
Q

When ready for immediate use similar concentrates of AFFF and fluoroprotein may be:

A

Mixed together immediately before application

Pg 489

85
Q

Mil spec may be mixed at:

A

Any time with no adverse effects

Pg 489

86
Q

Generally protein based products of foam are considered safer for the

A

Environment

Pg 489

87
Q

The concentration or hydrocarbon fuels is normally______ to _______ percent
For polar solvents it is_______ to ______ percent

A

1-3
3-6
Pg 490

88
Q

Low expansion foam has a ratio of air/solution of:

A

20:1

Pg 490

89
Q

Medium expansion foam is commonly used at a rate of ______ to _______

A

20:1
200:1
Pg 490

90
Q

when High expansion foam is used the expansion rate is from_________ to _________

A

200:1 to 1000:1

Pg 490

91
Q

The rate at which foam is applied depends on several variables including:

A 
He type of concentrate used
Whether or not the fuel is on fire
Type of fuel involved
Whether the fuel is contained or uncontained
Pg 498
92
Q

Once you begin application of foam is should continue:

A

Without interruption from and uphill and upwind position until extinguishment is complete

Pg 491

93
Q

In order to calculate the application rate available from a specific nozzle,

A

Divide the flow rate by the area of the fire

Pg 491

94
Q

Protein foams are derived from animal sources such as:

A

Hooves horns and feather meal

Pg 492

95
Q

Fluoroprotein foam is a combination of:

A

Protein based foam and synthetic foam

Pg 492

96
Q

Film forming fluoroproteing foam (fffp):

A

Fluoroproein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam

Pg 492

97
Q

Aqueour film forming foam (afff) is currently the:

A

Most commonly used synthetic foam concentrate. Pg 492

98
Q

AFFF formula consists of:

A

Fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point

Pg 492

99
Q

Alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is avail for use on polar solvents: the concentrate is generally_____ to______ percent. It can also be used on hydrocarbons at a _____ to _____ %

A

3 to 6
1 to 6

Pg 493

100
Q

High expansion foams are use at:

A

Concealed space fire such as cellars and coal mines or subterranean spaces such as utility tunnels or sewers

Pg 494

101
Q

In general foam proportioning devices operate by one of two basic principles:

A

A venturi effect or a pressurized proportioning device

Pg 494

102
Q

The inline eductor uses the_____ principle to draft foam concentrate:

A

Venturi

Pg 495

103
Q

The pressure at the discharge side of the eductor must not exceed ______% of the eductor inlet pressure

A

70

Pg 495

104
Q

The foam concentrate inlet to the eductor should be no more than _______ feet above the liquid surface of the foam concentrate:

A

6

Pg 495

105
Q

The nozzle and ______ must have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully

A

Eductor

Pg 495

106
Q

In a foam nozzle eductor the eductor is:

A

Built into the self educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline

Pg 496

107
Q

Self educting master stream foam nozzle is deployed when flows exceed ______ gpm

A

350

Pg 496

108
Q

A major advantage of the self educting nozzle is:

A

The pressure drop is much lower(10% or less) than most standard foam nozzle eductors

Pg 496

109
Q

A jet ratio controller allows the foam concentrate supply to be located as far away as:

A

3000 feet away from a self educting master stream nozzle

Pg 497

110
Q

Four foam application techniques:

A 
Direct application
Roll on method
Bank down method
Rain down method
P 506
111
Q

Direct appliction of foam:

A

Spraying directly on the burning material

Pg 506

112
Q

Roll on method of application:

A

Spray the foam on the edge of the buring liquid and it will roll across the surface of the spill

Pg 506

113
Q

Band down method:

A

Foam is directed onto a vertical surface and allowed to run down and across the pooled fuel
Pg 506

114
Q

Rain down method

A

This is the most common method of application for aboveground storage tank fires. Foam is aimed in the air and allowed to rain down on the surface of the fuel

Pg 506

115
Q

The primary concern regarding the environment impact of foam is the effect of finished foam after:

A

Application to a fire or spill

Pg 508

116
Q

Generally known as durable or gelling agents:

A

Fire blocking gels or aqueous fire fighting gels retain their fire retarding properties longer than class A foam

Pg 508

117
Q

Chemically gelling agents are:

A

Water absorbent polymers

Pg 509

118
Q

When mixed with water durable agents ( gelling agents) form:

A

Small bubbles filled with water. These are nontoxic and biodegradable

Pg 509

119
Q

When used as an extinguishing agent durable agents ration is 1:100
When used on a fire line is ____ to ____%
For structure protection _____ to _____%

A

1.5- 2%
2-3%
Pg 509

Pumping Apparatus (12 decks)

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