Chapter 14 Antimicrobials Flashcards
Cell Wall Agents: Natural Penicillins
penicillin G
Narrow spectrum
Distribute to most body fluids and bone
Parenteral
V/D, hypersensitivity reactions
Cell Wall Agents: Broad Spectrum Penicillin
amoxicillin
ampicillin
Broader spectrum than natural penicillin
Some gram-negative bacteria
Semi-synthetic
Oral
Parenteral
Cell Wall Agents: Beta Lactamase Resistant Penicillins
cloxacillin
Narrow Spectrum
Bacteria produce beta lactamase
Enzyme destroys beta lactam structure
Used for:
- dry cows
Intramammary
Cell Wall Agents: Potentiated Penicillins
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Clavamox)
Chemically combined with another drug to enchance effects
Beta lactam ring protector
Beta lactamase resistance
Oral
Cell Wall Agents: Cephalosporins
cephalexin
cefazolin
cefovecin (Convenia)
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Bactericidal
Semi-synthetic
Beta lactam ring
Used for:
- respiratory
- bone
- skin
- soft tissue infections
V/D
Oral
IV
SC q 14 days
Cell Wall Agents: Bacitracin
bacitracin
Bactericidal
Gram-positive
polypeptide - no beta lactam ring
Topical
Cell Membrane Agents
polymyxin B
Protein Synthesis Agents: Aminoglycosides
gentamycin
Bactericidal
Gram-negative
Used for:
- serious systemic infections
Parenteral
Nephrotoxic and ototoxic
Protein Synthesis Agents: Aminoglycosides
neomycin
Protein Systhesis Agents: Tetracyclines
doxycycline
Braod spetrum
Used for:
- tick borne rickettsial organisms
- Lyme disease and leptospirosis
- toxoplasmosis and UTI
- pneumonia
- shipping fever
- calf scours
- pink eye
CNS- crosses BBB
Oral
V/D
Protein Synthesis Agents: Florfenicol
florfenicol
Used for:
- bovine respiratory disease
Parental
Protein Synthesis Agents: Macrolides
tylosin
Protein Synthesis Agents: Lincosamides
pirlimycin
Used for:
- lactating dairy cows with mastits
Intramammary
Protein Synthesis Agents: Aminocoumarins
novobiocin
Narrow spectrum
Some gram-positive cocci
Used for:
- dairy cattle to treat or prevent mastitis
Intramammary
Antimetabolites: Sulfonamides
S-125
S-250
Local action; not absorbed from GI tract
Small animals used for:
- coccidia
- protozoa
Oral
Nucleic Acid Agents: Fluoroquinolones
enrofloxacin (Baytril)
marbofloxacin (Zenequin) (Pfizer)
Broad spectrum
Bactericidal
Large animal used for:
- respiratory infections
Small animal used for:
- serious systemic and CNS (BBB) infections
- local ear infection
Injectable
Injectable, Oral, Topical
Not in youngs animals, blindness in cats
Extral label used in food animals is prohibited
Nucleic Acid Agents: Nitroimidazoles
metronidazole
Bactericidal
Antibacteral and antiprotozoal
Used for:
- diarrhea caused by bacterial overgrowth
Neurologic signs in cats
Oral or Parenteral
Polyene Antifungal Agents
nystatin
Imidazole Antifungal Angents
itraconazole
Cause leakage of fungal cell membrane
Favoured for small animals; less hepatotoxic
Used for:
- dermatophytes
- systemic
Oral
Imidazole Antifungal Angents
miconazole
clotrimazole
Antiviral Drugs
trifluridine
Used for:
- feline herpes
Topically in eye
Antiviral Drugs
interferon
Used for:
- feline ocular herpes virus
- feline leukemia virus
Oral
