Chapter 14 Flashcards

Question

Or/o

Answer 1

Peritoneum

Answer 2

Eat or swallow

Answer 3

Anus and rectum

Answer 4

Pylorus (gatekeeper)

Answer 5

Sigmoid colon (resembles s)

Answer 6

Cavity that receives food for digestion

Answer 7

Three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva; parotid, submandibular (submaxillary), and sublingual

Answer 8

Lateral walls of the mouth

Answer 9

Fleshy structures surrounding the mouth

Answer 10

Structure that forms the roof of the mouth; it is divided into the hard and soft palate

Answer 11

Small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

Answer 12

Muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and held down by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum

Answer 13

Tissue covering the processes of the jaws

Answer 14

Hard bony projections in the jaws that serve to masticate (chew) food

Answer 15

Throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx

Answer 16

Muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 17

Sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus

Answer 18

Opening from the esophagus to the stomach (sphincter = band)

Answer 19

Opening of the stomach into the duodenum

Answer 20

Tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach

Answer 21

First portion of the small intestine

Answer 22

Second portion of the small intestine

Answer 23

Third portion of the small intestine

Answer 24

Larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defacation

Answer 25

First part of the large intestine

Answer 26

Worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function-- may serve to resist infection

Answer 27

Portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape

Answer 28

Portion that extends upward from the cecum

Answer 29

Portion that extends across from the ascending colon

Answer 30

Portion that extends down from the transverse colon

Answer 31

Portion (resembling an s) that terminates at the rectum

Answer 32

Distal (end) portion of the large intestine

Answer 33

Dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

Answer 34

Opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

Answer 35

Refuse; solid waste formed in the large intestine

Answer 36

Evacuation of feces from the rectum

Answer 37

Membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)

Answer 38

Space b/ the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Answer 39

A covering; an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs

Answer 40

Organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

Answer 41

Receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver

Answer 42

Gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

Answer 43

Ducts that convey bile, including hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts

Answer 44

Upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

Answer 45

Upper middle region below the sternum

Answer 46

Middle lateral regions

Answer 47

Region of the navel

Answer 48

Lower lateral groin regions

Answer 49

Region below the navel

Answer 50

Loss of appetite

Answer 51

Inability to swallow

Answer 52

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 53

In the cheek

Answer 54

Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass

Answer 55

Frequent loose or liquid stools

Answer 56

Indigestion

Answer 57

Difficulty in swallowing

Answer 58

Gas in the stomach or intestines

Answer 59

Bad breath

Answer 60

Red blood in the stool

Answer 61

Vomiting blood

Answer 62

Enlargement of the liver

Answer 63

Excessive level of bilirubin in the blood

Answer 64

Yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood

Answer 65

Dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

Answer 66

Sick in the stomach

Answer 67

Feces containing fat

Answer 68

Under the tongue

Answer 69

Inflammation of the mouth

Answer 70

Inflammation of a salivary gland

Answer 71

Inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps

Answer 72

Inflammation of the lip

Answer 73

Inflammation of the tongue

Answer 74

Tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

Answer 75

Inflammation of the gums

Answer 76

Swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

Answer 77

Inflammation of the esophagus

Answer 78

Inflammation of the stomach

Answer 79

Back flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus

Answer 80

Narrowed condition of the pylorus

Answer 81

A sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection w/ Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Answer 82

Ulcer located in the stomach

Answer 83

Ulcer located in the duodenum

Answer 84

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Answer 85

Inflammation of the small intestine

Answer 86

Inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

Answer 87

Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

Answer 88

Chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations

Answer 89

A by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the GI tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

Answer 90

Presence of diverticula in the GI tract, especially in the bowel

Answer 91

Inflammation of diverticula

Answer 92

Inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or Protozoa

Answer 93

Inflammation of the appendix

Answer 94

Protrusion of a part from its normal location

Answer 95

Protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm

Answer 96

Protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

Answer 97

Hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

Answer 98

Hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

Answer 99

Protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)

Answer 100

Prolapse of one part of the intestine in the lumen of the adjoining part

Answer 101

Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Answer 102

Multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high malignancy potential

Answer 103

Tumor on a stalk

Answer 104

Inflammation of the rectum and anus

Answer 105

Abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum

Answer 106

Swollen, twisted vein in the anal region

Answer 107

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 108

Inflammation of the liver

Answer 109

Infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hep A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

Answer 110

Infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hep B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

Answer 111

Inflammation of the liver caused by the hep C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

Answer 112

Chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

Answer 113

Inflammation of the bile ducts

Answer 114

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 115

Presence of stones in the gallbladder, or bile ducts

Answer 116

Presence of stones in the common bile duct

Answer 117

Inflammation of the pancreas

Answer 118

Exam within a body cavity w/ a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or tx; used in the GI tract to detect abnormalities and perform procedures such as biopsies, excision of lesions, dilations of narrowed areas, and removal of swallowed objects

Answer 119

Exam of the esophagus w/ an esophagoscope

Answer 120

Exam of the stomach with a gastroscope

Answer 121

Exam of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum w/ a flexible endoscope; also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy

Answer 122

Endoscopic procedure including x-Ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (biliary ducts)

Answer 123

Exam of the abdominal cavity w/ a laparoscope-often including interventional surgical procedures

Answer 124

Exam of the peritoneal cavity w/ Peritoneoscope; often performed to examine the liver and obtain a biopsy specimen

Answer 125

Exam of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and swallowed, images are transmitted to a waist-belt recorder and downloaded onto a computer for assessment of possible abnormalities

Answer 126

Exam of the colon using a flexible colonoscopy

Answer 127

Exam of the sigmoid colon w/ a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

Answer 128

Exam of the rectum and anus w/ a proctoscope

Answer 129

Nonionizing image technique for visualizing the abdominal cavity to identify disease or deformity in the GI tract

Answer 130

Radionuclide organ imaging

Answer 131

Scan of the liver made after injection of radioactive tracers into the bloodstream; used to detect tumors and functional abnormalities

Answer 132

X-Ray imaging

Answer 133

X-Ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the pt has swallowed a contrast medium

Answer 134

X-ray of the esophagus only; often used to locate swallowed objects

Answer 135

X-ray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion

Answer 136

X-ray exam of the small intestine-generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series

Answer 137

X-ray of the colon after admin of an enema containing contrast medium

Answer 138

X-ray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

Answer 139

X-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine

Answer 140

Cross-sectional X-ray of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the GI tract

Answer 141

Computed tomographic image of the colon performed as an alternative to traditional invasive colonscopy; also known as virtual colonoscopy

Answer 142

Ultrasound imaging

Answer 143

Ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular structures (liver/pancrease/ gallbladder/spleen/aorta)

Answer 144

Endoscopic procedure using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to examine a body cavity and make sonographic images of structures and tissues

Answer 145

Removal of tissue for microscopic pathological examination

Answer 146

Removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedures

Answer 147

Removal of an entire lesion for examination

Answer 148

Removal of a portion of a lesion for examination

Answer 149

Percutaneous removal of a core specimen of tissue using a special hollow needle

Answer 150

Isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms; if present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listed

Answer 151

Chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the GI tract

Answer 152

Tx of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines

Answer 153

Repair of the lip

Answer 154

Excision of all or part of the tongue

Answer 155

Suture of the tongue

Answer 156

Repair of the esophagus

Answer 157

Partial or complete removal of the stomach

Answer 158

Partial removal and repair of the stomach

Answer 159

Puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

Answer 160

Incision into the abdomen

Answer 161

Abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

Answer 162

Repair of a hernia

Answer 163

Creation of an opening in the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon; performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions

Answer 164

Union of 2 hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery

Answer 165

Surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges; performed after removal of the colon

Answer 166

Excision of a diseased appendix

Answer 167

Removal of the appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure

Answer 168

Excision of polyps

Answer 169

Repair of the anus and rectum

Answer 170

Excision of an anal fistula

Answer 171

Excision of hemmorrhoids

Answer 172

Excision of a lobe of the liver

Answer 173

Excision of the gallbladder

Answer 174

Excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope

Answer 175

Incision for removal of gallstones

Answer 176

Incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones

Answer 177

Crushing of gallstones

Answer 178

Excision of the pancreas

Answer 179

Oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and tx

Answer 180

Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes

Answer 181

Drug that neutralizes stomach acid

Answer 182

Drug that prevents or stops vomiting

Answer 183

Drug that decreases motility in the GI tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

Answer 184

Drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative