Chaper 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Bronch/o
Bronchi/o
A
Bronchus (airway)
2
Q
Bronchiol/o
A
Bronchiole (little airway)
3
Q
Capn/o
Carb/o
A
Carbon dioxide
4
Q
Laryng/o
A
Larynx (voice box)
5
Q
Lob/o
A
Lobe (a portion)
6
Q
Nas/o
Rhin/o
A
Nose
7
Q
Or/o
A
Mouth
8
Q
Ox/o
A
Oxygen
9
Q
Palat/o
A
Palate
10
Q
Pharyng/o
A
Pharynx (throat)
11
Q
Phren/o
A
Diaphragm (also mind)
12
Q
Pleur/o
A
Pleura
13
Q
Pneum/o
Pneumon/o
A
Air or lung
14
Q
Pulmon/o
A
Lung
15
Q
Sinus/o
A
Sinus (cavity)
16
Q
Spir/o
A
Breathing
17
Q
Thorac/o
Pector/o
Steth/o
A
Chest
18
Q
Tonsill/o
A
Tonsil (almond)
19
Q
Trache/o
A
Trachea (windpipe)
20
Q
Uvul/o
A
Uvula
21
Q
-pnea
A
Breathing
22
Q
Nose
A
Structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract and that houses the olfactory receptors for the senses of smell
23
Q
Sinuses
A
Air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
24
Q
Palate
A
Partition b/ the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate
25
Pharynx
Throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
26
Nasopharynx
Part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages
27
Oropharynx
Central portion of the pharynx b/ the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis
28
Laryngopharynx
Lower part of the pharynx just below the Oropharynx opening into the larynx and the esophagus
29
Tonsils
Oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion-also called palatine tonsils
30
Adenoid
Lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose-also called pharyngeal tonsil
31
Uvula
Small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate, named for its grape-like shape
32
Larynx
Voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
33
Glottis
Opening b/ the vocal cords in the larynx
34
Epiglottis
Lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway
35
Trachea
Windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into the right and left bronchus
36
Bronchial tree
Branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
37
Right and left bronchus
Two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs
38
Bronchioles
Progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways
39
Alveoli
Thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
40
Lungs
Two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration
41
Lobes
Subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and three on the right
42
Pleura
Membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)
43
Pleural cavity
Potential space b/ the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura
44
Diaphragm
Muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down
45
Mediastinum
Partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (that contain right and left lungs) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea,and thymus gland
46
Mucous membranes
Thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secretes mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid
47
Cilia
Hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of mucus cell membranes
48
Parenchyma
Functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration
49
Eupnea
Normal breathing
50
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
51
Tachypnea
Fast breathing
52
Hypopnea
Shallow breathing
53
Hyperpnea
Deep breathing
54
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
55
Apnea
Inability to breath
56
Alveol/o
Alveolus (air sac)
57
Orthopnea
Ability to breath only in an upright position
58
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
59
Lung sound: Crackles
| Rales
Popping sounds heard on ausculatation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli- occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis
60
Wheezes
Rhonchi
High-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway- occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
61
Stridor
A high-pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx)
62
Caseous necrosis
Degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
63
Dysphonia
Hoarseness
64
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
65
Expectoration
Coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs
66
Sputum
Material expelled from the lungs by coughing
67
Hemoptysis
Coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs
68
Hypercapnia
Hypercarbia
Excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
69
Hyperventilation
Excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia
70
Hypoventilation
Deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia
71
Hypoxemia
Deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
72
Hypoxia
Deficient amount of blood in tissue cells
73
Obstructive lung disorder
Condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
74
Restrictive lung disorder
Condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs
75
Pulmonary edema
Fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli
76
Pulmonary infiltrate
Density on an X-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes
77
Rhinorrhea
Thin, watery discharge from the nose
78
Asthma
Panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal (sudden,periodic) attacks of wheezing, Dyspnea, and cough
79
Atelectasis
Collapse of lung tissue
80
Bronchiectasis
Abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus
81
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
82
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Lung cancer
83
Bronchospasm
Contraction of bronchi caused by a spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle
84
Emphysema
Obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by over expansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
85
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
86
Cystic fibrosis
Inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation, and lung tissue damage
87
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
88
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
Croup
Inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "seal bark" cough
89
Laryngospasm
Spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction
90
Nasal polyposis
Presence of numerous polyps in the nose
91
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx
92
Pleural effusion
Accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity
93
Empyema
Pyothorax
Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity
94
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
95
Pleuritis
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura
96
Pneumoconiosis
Chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos, or silicone
97
Pneumonia
Inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals
98
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism
99
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall
100
Pneumohemothorax
Air and blood in the pleural cavity
101
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dust
102
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot
103
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Disease caused by the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions
104
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses
105
Sleep apnea
Periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring
106
Tonsillitis
Acute or chronic Inflammation of the tonsils
107
Upper respiratory infection (URI)
Infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi
108
Arterial blood gases (ABGs)
Analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases
109
PH
A measure of blood acidity or alkalinity
110
PaO2
Partial pressure of oxygen measuring the amount of oxygen in the blood
111
PaCO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide measuring the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
112
Endoscopy
Exam of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope to examine within for diagnostic or treatment purposes
113
Bronchoscopy
Use of flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways
114
Nasopharyngoscopy
Use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx (throat) to diagnose structural abnormalities such as obstructions,growths, and cancers
115
Lung biopsy (Bx)
Removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathological examination
116
Lung scan
2-part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of perfusion (blood flow) or ventilation (respiration), commonly called a V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan
117
Magnetic resonance image (MRI)
Nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions
118
Polysomnography (PSG)
Recording of various aspects of sleep (eye and muscle movements, respiration, brain wave patterns) for diagnosis of sleep disorders
119
Physical exam methods: Auscultation
To listen; physical exam method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope, such as auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sounds
120
Physical Exam Method: Percussion
Method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest
121
Pulmonary function testing (PFT)
Direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities
122
Spirometry
Portion of pulmonary function testing that is a direct measurement of lung volume and capacity
123
Ventilation scan
Made as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways
124
Perfusion scan
Made after radioactive material is injected into the blood and circulates to the lungs
125
Tidal volume (TVorVt)
Amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration
126
Vital capacity (VC)
Amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration
127
Peak flow (PF)
Peak respiratory flow rate (PEFR)
Measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration
128
Pulse oximetry
Noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter w/ a specialized probe attached to the skin at the site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger; used to monitor Hypoxemia
129
Radiology
X-ray imaging
130
Chest X-ray (CXR)
X-ray image of the chest to visualize the lungs
131
Computed tomography (CT)
Computed X-ray imaging of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses; CT of the thorax is used to detect lesions in the lungs
132
Pulmonary angiography
X-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs after injection of contrast material
133
Adenoidectomy
Excision of the adenoids
134
Lobectomy
Removal of a lobe of a lung
135
Nasal polypectomy
Removal of a nasal polyp
136
Pneumonectomy
Removal of an entire lung
137
Thoracentesis
Puncture for aspiration of the chest
138
Thoracoplasty
Repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs
139
Thoracoscopy
Endoscopic exam of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope
140
Thoracostomy
Creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube
141
Thoracotomy
Incision into the chest
142
Tonsillectomy
Excision of the palatine tonsils
143
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy (T & A)
Excision of the tonsils and the adenoids
144
Tracheostomy
Creation of an opening in the trachea, most often to insert a tube
145
Tracheotomy
Incision into the trachea
146
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Method of artificial respiration and closed-chest massage used to restore breathing and cardiac output after cardiac arrest
147
Continuous positive aria pressure (CPAP)
Device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea
148
Endotracheal intubation
Passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs
149
Incentive Spirometry
Common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and repeatedly sustain an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications
150
Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical method performed by a respiratory therapist to provide assisted breathing using a ventilator
151
Antibiotic
Drug that kills or inhibits the growth of micro organisms
152
Anticoagulant
Drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels
153
Antihistamine
Drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine
154
Histamine
Compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions, inflammation, etc.., causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, dilation of blood vessels, etc
155
Bronchodilator
Drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi
156
Expectorant
Drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing
