chapter 14 Flashcards
memorized the designs of textile factory machines + brought them to the U.S.
Samuel Slater
spins many spindles of thread at once
spinning jenny
cleaned cotton faster than any person doing it
cotton gin
developed a code including dots and dashes to represent the letters in the alphabet (Morse code); also created the telegraph
Samuel Morse
created the cotton gin and interchangeable parts
Eli whtitney
invented the steam boat
Robert fulton
sent messages by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations
telegraph
resist immigration
nativists
unfair treatment of a group
discrimmination
Factory town in Massachusetts with a textile mill that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boarding houses
lowell
she fought for a change in working hours at lowell
sarah bagley
a series of restrictions on Cleveland’s black citizens; African Americans had barely any rights
black laws
an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests; a labor union
trade union
consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, tennessee, and kentucky
upper soouth
the sales and trading of enslaved people from the upper south to the deep south
domestic slave trade
consisted of Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and texas
deep soouth
The forced sale and migration of enslaved people within the United States after the international slave trade ended in 1808
second middle passage
most white people in south, generally owned small farms (50-200 acres), grew crops themselves to trade with local merchants, didn’t take part in plantation style agriculture, owned few or no slaves
yeomen
supervised the slaves
an overseer
laws for slaves that they had to follow
slave codes
rented land from property owners
tenant farmers
led an unsuccessful slave rebellion
nat turner
a network of routes and safe houses used by slaves to escape primarily to the north and Canada
underground railroad
owned most of the land, the men were at the auctions and traveling to trade, the women took charge of the house, supervised the buildings, watched over the enslaved, and kept the plantations financial records, it was all for the money
plantation owners
rural poor
owned no land or slaves and worked multiple jobs mainly
Religious folk songs that expressed joy & sadness
spirituals
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s & led to people moving to cities to work in factories
industrial revolution
Identical pieces assembled in large quantities that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing
interchangeable parts
describe the categories of white southerners
yeoman: farmers who owned small farms and grew crops themselves to trade with local merchants; Tenant farmers: rented land from property owners; Rural poor: didn’t own any land or slaves; Plantation owner: owned most of the land the men were at the auctions and traveling to trade, the women took charge of the house, supervised the buildings, watched over the enslaved, and kept the plantations financial records, it was all for the money
describe the working conditions for slaves (housing, clothing, food, and punishment)
housing: typically old shacks that were run down and had many cracks, no fireplaces or stoves, close to the railroad; clothing: very little amount and uncomfortable in feel and weather type; food: very small portions and had to eat what was given; punishment: most common was beat or whipped
