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Microbiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Louis Pasteur did what?

A

Coined term virus

Latin for poison

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1
Q

Characteristic of viruses

A 
Obligate intercellular parasite
Need host to multiple 
Submicroscopic 
Noncellular
Contain DNA or RNA
Protein coat 
Lack enzymes for ATP
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2
Q

Iwanowski and Beijernick

A

Discovered tabacco mosaic virus

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3
Q

Low leaflet and frosch

A

Discovered foot and mouth disease in cattle

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4
Q

Structure of viruses

A

DNA or RNA not both
Single or double stranded
Needs to enter host
Protected by capsid

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5
Q

What’s the capsid do?

A

Protein shell that surrounds nuclei acid

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6
Q

What is capsomere?

A

Sub unit of capsid that self assemble to form capsid

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7
Q

What is a naked virus mean?

A

No envelope

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8
Q

What is the envelope ?

A

Lipid structure that surround capsid

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9
Q

What are the spikes?

A

Project from envelope

Helps the virus adhere

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10
Q

Helical what is it??

A

Rod shape of the capsid

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11
Q

What is the polyhedral of the capsid?

A

20sided
3D appearance
Ex. Poliovirus, herpes, and adenovirus

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12
Q

What is the complex of the capsid

A

Capsid is polyhedral and contact tile sheath is helical

Ex. Bacteriophage and pox virus

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13
Q

What is the host range?

A

Spectrum of host cells a virus can infect
Depends on viruses requirement for multiplication
Must be chemically react with host receptors sites

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14
Q

What’s does the capsid do of a t-even bacteriophage ?

A

Stores nucleic acid

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15
Q

What does the contractile sheath of a t-even bacteriophage?

A

Penetrates and inject nucleiac acid

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16
Q

What is the tail fiber of bacteriophage do?

A

For attachment

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17
Q

What do the structure of t even bacteriophage of tail pins?

A

Penetration of cell wall

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19
Q

What are the steps of the lyric cycle in T4 viruses ?

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration/Entry
  3. Biosynthesis
  4. Maturation
  5. Release
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20
Q

what is attachement?

A

uses the host cell’s receptor sites (tail fibers)

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21
Q

what is penetration/entry?

A

Biral nucleic acid is injected into the host cell

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22
Q

what is biosynthesis?

A

each viral componet is made using host’s metabolic machinery

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23
Q

what is maturation?

A

viral components are assembled

24
Q

what is release?

A

bacteria cell is full of virues, lyses, and dies

25
Q

what is burst time?

A

time it takes from attachemetn to release

average time is 20-40 min

26
Q

what is burst size?

A

number of viruses released per host cell

average is 200 viruses

27
Q

viral multiplication in bacteriophage?

A

multiply in two ways

lytic and lysongenic

28
Q

lytic cycle cells

A

end with lyse (death to host cell)

29
Q

lysogenic cycle allows

A

host cell to remain alive

30
Q

lysogenic cycle

A

incorporates a viral nucleic acid into host cell’s
phage remains inactive
everytime host replicate virues is

31
Q

what is adverse conditions do to lysogenic cycle?

A

can cause the lysogenic cycle to end and lytic cycle to begin

32
Q

what is the steps in lysogenic cycle?

A
  1. attachment
  2. pentiration/entry
  3. prophage created
  4. bacteria divides with prophage
33
Q

what is prophage?

A

combination of bacterial and viral nucleic acids

if prophage begins outside of bacterial cells, virus will being lytic cycle

34
Q

how do you grow bacteriophage in the lab?

A
  1. mix bacteria and virus in a soft agar solution and pour onto plate with solid agar
  2. incubate at 38 degrees celcius
  3. lawn of bacteria with plaque will apear
35
Q

what is plaque?

A

were virus has killed bacteria

36
Q

what is the process for multiplication in animal viruses

A
  1. attachment
  2. penetration
  3. uncoating
  4. biosythesis and assembly
  5. release
37
Q

growing animal viruses in the lab

A

in live animal ;
some viruses can only exsist in animals
study the immune system response

38
Q

growing animal viruses in embryonic eggs

A

viruses is injected into fertilized egg
viral growth is detected by death or damage to embryo
used to make vaccines

39
Q

how do you identify viruses?

A

cytopahtic effects
serological tests
nucleic acids

40
Q

what is serological tests?

A

detects antibodies against viruses in a patient

41
Q

what is nucleic acids?

A

uses PCR to obtain enough nucleic acids to identify

42
Q

taxonomy of virues
family
genus
species

A

family - virdae
genus - virus
species is common name of species

43
Q

what are subspecies designated by?

A

number

44
Q

example of taxonomy of viruses?

A

family ; herpesvirdae
genus; herpesvirus
species; human herpes virus
subspecies; HHV-1, HHV-2

45
Q

what is adenovirdae?

A

common cold viruses

46
Q

what is poxvirdae?

A

small pox or cow pox

47
Q

what is orthomyxovirdae?

A

influenza viruses A, B, and C

48
Q

herpesviridae?

A

cold sore, chicken pox

they are monoonucleosis

49
Q

what is papvavirdae:

A

gential warts

cervic cancer

50
Q

what is retrovirdae virus?

A

HIV

51
Q

What are some extreme viruses?

A

ebola

causes fever, hemorrhaging and blod clotting

52
Q

what is acute viral?

A

rapid onset of symptoms but not short lived

ex. influenza

53
Q

what is latent viral infection?

A

virus remains asymtematic in host cell for long period of times
ex. cold sores and shingles

54
Q

what is persistant viral infections?

A

disease occurs over long period of time
gennerally fatal
Ex. HIV/AIDS

55
Q

what are ways to prevent viruses?

A

vaccines—> ex. rubella

antiviral drugs –> AZT

56
Q

what is prions?

A

proteinaceous infection particles
cause neurolgical disease
Ex. Mad cow disease

Microbiology (12 decks)

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