Chapter 1 Flashcards
what is microbiology?
Study of microbes
what are microbes?
living things too small to be seen with naked eye
what are some examples of microbes?
Bacteria Protozoa Microscopic algae viruses fungi
What are some uses of microbes?
aquatic microbes form basis of food chain
soil microbes break down waste
photosynthetic microbes generate O2
what are some other uses of microbes?
in human digestive tract aid in the digestion and help produce vitamin B and K
used to produce acetone, alcohol, antibiotics
what are some more uses of microbes?
used to produce vinegar, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese, bread, and yogurt
bio remediation (oil spills)
enzymes (detergents)
what is bacteriology?
the study of bacteria
what is mycology?
The study of fungi
what is virology?
the study of virus
what is immunology?
the study of the immune system
what are prokaryote?
cells that lack a nucleus membrane around DNA
what are eukaryote?
cells that contain a nucleus around DNA
Bacteria Cell type? Cell number? Characteristic? Example?
prokaryote
unicellular
cell wall with peptidoglycan
E. coli
Archaea Cell type? Cell number? Characteristic? Example?
prokaryotic
unicellular
cell without pepidoglycan live in extreme environment
thermus aquaticus
Protozoa Cell type? Cell number? Characteristic? Example?
Eukaryote
unicellular
move by cillia, flagella, or pseudopods
paramecium
Fungi Cell type? Cell number? Characteristic? Example?
Eukaryotic
multicellular or unicellular
Classified by spores
mold and yeast
Algae Cell type? Cell number? Characteristic? Example?
Eukaryotic
multicellular or unicellular
classified by pigment
volvox and spirogyra
Virus Cell type? Cell number? Characteristic? Example?
Ace-cellular
none
none
HIV, H1N1, and Herpes
what are some common characteristics of all organisms
composed of cells DNA Use ATP Cells(plasma) membrane Ribosomes
What is taxonomy?
classifying organisms
Why do we classify organism?
10-100 million species on Earth
identify similaries and differences
provide a tool for evolutionary history
what is phylogeny?
study of evolutionary history of organism
what is the hierarchy of organisms?
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
what are domains?
establish by Carl Woese
based on rRNA data
what are the three main domains?
Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea
who was the fist to observe cells
Robert Hooke
What is Robert Hooke’s cell theory?
all living things are composed of cells
Who is Antoni van Leauwenhoek?
1st to observe living bacteria
who was 1st for vaccine?
what he inject and for what?
Edward Jenner
cowpox and they developed immunity to small pox
What did Louis Pasteur discover?
fermentation
disapproved spontaneous generation
pasteurization
aseptic technique
who discoverd antispetic principles in surgery?
How?
Joseph Lister
treated surgical wounds with phenal solution to kill bacteria
What did Robert Koch come up with?
germ theory –> microbes cause disease
what did Christian Gram come up with
Gram stain
What did Dmitri Iwanowski discover?
Tabacco Mosaic virus
What did Paul Ehrlich discover?
chemotherapy
What did Alexander Flemming discover?
Penicillin
What did Carl Woese discover?
domain archaea
what did Zyvox discover?
1st new antibiotic in 25 years
what did James Watson and Frances Crick do?
structure DNA
who developed Scientific Nomeclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
its Latin
What is the binomial nomeclature?
2 name system
genus and species
what is the Bergey’s Manual?
reference book that contains descriptions of prokaryotes
what are the morphological characteristics?
size and shape
what are the different staining?
Gram- stain
Acid-fast stain
what are the methods of classification and identification?
biochemical test; enzyme activity
Ex. fermentation of sugar
