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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is microbiology?

A

Study of microbes

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2
Q

what are microbes?

A

living things too small to be seen with naked eye

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3
Q

what are some examples of microbes?

A 
Bacteria
Protozoa
Microscopic algae
viruses
fungi
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4
Q

What are some uses of microbes?

A

aquatic microbes form basis of food chain
soil microbes break down waste
photosynthetic microbes generate O2

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5
Q

what are some other uses of microbes?

A

in human digestive tract aid in the digestion and help produce vitamin B and K
used to produce acetone, alcohol, antibiotics

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6
Q

what are some more uses of microbes?

A

used to produce vinegar, sauerkraut, pickles, cheese, bread, and yogurt
bio remediation (oil spills)
enzymes (detergents)

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7
Q

what is bacteriology?

A

the study of bacteria

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8
Q

what is mycology?

A

The study of fungi

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9
Q

what is virology?

A

the study of virus

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10
Q

what is immunology?

A

the study of the immune system

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11
Q

what are prokaryote?

A

cells that lack a nucleus membrane around DNA

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12
Q

what are eukaryote?

A

cells that contain a nucleus around DNA

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13
Q 
Bacteria
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?
A

prokaryote
unicellular
cell wall with peptidoglycan
E. coli

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14
Q 
Archaea
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?
A

prokaryotic
unicellular
cell without pepidoglycan live in extreme environment
thermus aquaticus

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15
Q 
Protozoa
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?
A

Eukaryote
unicellular
move by cillia, flagella, or pseudopods
paramecium

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16
Q 
Fungi
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?
A

Eukaryotic
multicellular or unicellular
Classified by spores
mold and yeast

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17
Q 
Algae
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?
A

Eukaryotic
multicellular or unicellular
classified by pigment
volvox and spirogyra

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18
Q 
Virus
Cell type?
Cell number?
Characteristic?
Example?
A

Ace-cellular
none
none
HIV, H1N1, and Herpes

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19
Q

what are some common characteristics of all organisms

A 
composed of cells
DNA
Use ATP
Cells(plasma) membrane
Ribosomes
20
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

classifying organisms

21
Q

Why do we classify organism?

A

10-100 million species on Earth
identify similaries and differences
provide a tool for evolutionary history

22
Q

what is phylogeny?

A

study of evolutionary history of organism

23
Q

what is the hierarchy of organisms?

A 
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
24
Q

what are domains?

A

establish by Carl Woese

based on rRNA data

25
Q

what are the three main domains?

A

Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea

26
Q

who was the fist to observe cells

A

Robert Hooke

27
Q

What is Robert Hooke’s cell theory?

A

all living things are composed of cells

28
Q

Who is Antoni van Leauwenhoek?

A

1st to observe living bacteria

29
Q

who was 1st for vaccine?

what he inject and for what?

A

Edward Jenner

cowpox and they developed immunity to small pox

30
Q

What did Louis Pasteur discover?

A

fermentation
disapproved spontaneous generation
pasteurization
aseptic technique

31
Q

who discoverd antispetic principles in surgery?

How?

A

Joseph Lister

treated surgical wounds with phenal solution to kill bacteria

32
Q

What did Robert Koch come up with?

A

germ theory –> microbes cause disease

33
Q

what did Christian Gram come up with

A

Gram stain

34
Q

What did Dmitri Iwanowski discover?

A

Tabacco Mosaic virus

35
Q

What did Paul Ehrlich discover?

A

chemotherapy

36
Q

What did Alexander Flemming discover?

A

Penicillin

37
Q

What did Carl Woese discover?

A

domain archaea

38
Q

what did Zyvox discover?

A

1st new antibiotic in 25 years

39
Q

what did James Watson and Frances Crick do?

A

structure DNA

40
Q

who developed Scientific Nomeclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

its Latin

41
Q

What is the binomial nomeclature?

A

2 name system

genus and species

42
Q

what is the Bergey’s Manual?

A

reference book that contains descriptions of prokaryotes

43
Q

what are the morphological characteristics?

A

size and shape

44
Q

what are the different staining?

A

Gram- stain

Acid-fast stain

45
Q

what are the methods of classification and identification?

A

biochemical test; enzyme activity

Ex. fermentation of sugar

Microbiology (12 decks)

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