chapter 13

Question 1

system of conduct that covers all broadly based, mostly unwritten standards of how people should behave and conform to cultural ideals of right and wrong

Answer 1

morality

Question 2

formalized sets of ethical guidelines developed by some companies for use at all levels of an organization

Answer 2

ethical codes

Question 3

what are the different ethical approaches?

Answer 3

principle of utilitarianism, principle of universalism, rights or legal principle, principle of justice, principle of virtue, principle of the common good, and ethical relativism

Question 4

all decisions should do the greatest good for the largest number of people

Answer 4

principle of utilitarianism

Question 5

all human life has value, and ethical decisions should protect all

Answer 5

principle of universalism

Question 6

legal rights to determine the ethical decision to make

Answer 6

rights or legal principle

Question 7

all decisions should be consistent, unbiased, and based on fact

Answer 7

principle of justice

Question 8

an ethical philosophy that stresses decisions that are wise, true, and lead to ones best self

Answer 8

principle of virtue

Question 9

an ethical philosophy that decisions made for the common good affect the best choices for individuals and societies, in the present and in the future

Answer 9

principle of the common good

Question 10

an ethical philosophy that believes that each person should make their best decisions based on self-interest, values, morals, and culture

Answer 10

ethical relativism

Question 11

to justify unethical behavior with excuses

Answer 11

rationalize

Question 12

what are some basic rationalizations for unethical behavior?

Answer 12

rationalization error, obeying authority, conforming, time pressure, fatigue, lack of transparency

Question 13

t or f: people with high self-esteem are less likely to engage in unethical behavior

Answer 13

true

Question 14

currying favor, or kissing up, with a manager to achieve one’s goals

Answer 14

boss massaging

Question 15

t or f: manager should discourage boss massaging behaviors and ensure that merit is based on employees performance

Answer 15

true

Question 16

t or f: boss massaging is considered necessary although it is unpleasant and dishonest

Answer 16

true

Question 17

clique of trusted family members, tribal members, or friends who are at the center of power or influence

Answer 17

inner circle

Question 18

mutual obligation, resulting in the exchange of favors over years and generations

Answer 18

future favors

Question 19

giving gifts creates a future obligation to the receiver (strong tradition in many cultures)

Answer 19

gift exchange

Question 20

practice of acting ethically while understanding that one’s actions are part of the larger, interactive picture of his or her workplace, community, and world

Answer 20

social responsibility

Question 21

organization is responsible only to itself and to making a profit

Answer 21

traditional social responsibility

Question 22

any group that a company interacts with as a business

Answer 22

stakeholders

Question 23

companies are responsible to stakeholders

Answer 23

stakeholder social responsibilty

Question 24

companies are responsible for profit margin, their stakeholders, and the general public and society at large

Answer 24

affirmative, or public, social responsibilty

Question 25

turning in or otherwise exposing people who behave unethically in one’s company

Answer 25

whistleblowing